钻井工程师lecture3

PE3043-FALL/2004-Page1CirculatingSystemPE3043-FALL/2004-Page2SchematicofExampleRigCirculatingSystemforLiquidDrillingFluidsFig.1.23PE3043-FALL/2004-Page3CirculatingSystem•Drillingmudtravels:SteeltanksMudpumpSurfaceconnectionContaminant-removalequipmentSurfaceAnnularBitnozzleBitDrillstringPE3043-FALL/2004-Page4CirculatingSystem•Mudpump•Mudpits•Mud-mixingequipment•Contaminant-removalequipmentPE3043-FALL/2004-Page5MudPumpFig.1.25SLdLdV24Volumedisplaced(onestroke):PE3043-FALL/2004-Page6MudPumpFig.1.25PE3043-FALL/2004-Page7MudPump•ForwardStroke–Volumedisplaced(onestroke):•BackwardStroke–Volumedisplaced(onestroke):SLdLdV24SrLdLddV)(422PE3043-FALL/2004-Page8PumpFactor---duplex•Totalvolumedisplacedpercycle(twocylinders)•FpiscommonlycalledthepumpfactorVrLSpEddLF22242PE3043-FALL/2004-Page9PumpFactor---triplex•threecylinders243LVSpdELFPE3043-FALL/2004-Page10•Pumpsareratedfor–Hydraulicpower–Maximumpressure–MaximumflowratePE3043-FALL/2004-Page11HydraulicPower•Units:–pressure---psi–Flowrate---gal/min–HydraulicPower----hphpqpPH1714PE3043-FALL/2004-Page12Example1.3:Computethepumpfactorinunitsofbarrelsperstrokeforadouble-actingduplexpumphaving:–6.5-inchliners--------dL–2.5inchrods----------dr–18-inchstrokes-------LS–avolumetricefficiencyof90%----EVPE3043-FALL/2004-Page13Solution:•Foraduplexpump,•ConvertingtothefieldunitsFp=1991.2in.3/strokexgal/231in.3xbbl/42gal.=0.2052bbl/strokestrokeddELFrLVSp/in2.19915.25.629.018224232222PE3043-FALL/2004-Page14•Computethepumpfactorinunitsofbarrelsperstrokeforasingle-actingtriplexpumpusingthedatasetshowninexample1.3Exercise:PE3043-FALL/2004-Page15Contaminant-RemovingEquipment•Shaleshaker•HydrocyclonesanddecantingcentrifugesPE3043-FALL/2004-Page16SchematicofhydrocycloneTopviewoffeedinletFig.1.28PE3043-FALL/2004-Page17DecantingCentrifugeFig.1.29PE3043-FALL/2004-Page18SchematicofCirculatingSystemforAirDrilling•Highstrength•ExtremelowpermeabilityPE3043-FALL/2004-Page19RotarySystem•Swivel•Kelly•Rotarydrive•Rotarytable•Drillpipe•DrillcollarsPE3043-FALL/2004-Page20RotarySystemFig.1.33PE3043-FALL/2004-Page21SwivelFig.1.34•Supportstheweightofdrillstring•PermitsrotationPE3043-FALL/2004-Page22StabilizerPE3043-FALL/2004-Page23CapacityandDisplacementofPipe•Capacityofpipe–Cross-sectionalareaofthepipeorannularexpressedinunitsofvolumeperunitLength•Displacementofpipe–Cross-sectionalareaofsteelinthepipeexpressedinunitsofvolumeperunitLengthPE3043-FALL/2004-Page24Fig.1.40PE3043-FALL/2004-Page25Example1.4:Adrillstringiscomposedof7,000ftof5-in.,19.5lbm/ftdrillpipeand500ftof8-in.ODby2.75-in.IDdrillcollarswhendrillinga9.875-in.borehole.Assumingthattheboreholeremainsingauge,computethenumberofpumpcyclesrequiredtocirculatemud1.fromthesurfacetothebit2.fromthebottomoftheholetothesurfaceifthepumpfactoris0.1781bbl/cyclePE3043-FALL/2004-Page26Solution:•5-inOD&19.5lbm/ft==d=4.276inID(Table1.5)•Capacityofdrillpipe:•Capacityofdrillcollars:•Numberofpumpcyclerequired:ftbblindAp/01776.036.14726.441415.34222ftbblindAp/007346.09394.575.241415.34222cyclesfactorpumpVolumeN7191781.0500007346.0700001776.0_PE3043-FALL/2004-Page27Solution:•Capacityoutsidethedrillpipe:•Capacityoutsidethedrillcollars:•Numberofpumpcyclerequired:ftbblftinddAp/0704.0/952.565875.941415.342222122ftbblftinddAp/03256.0/3223.268875.941415.342222122cyclesfactorpumpVolumeN28591781.050003256.070000704.0_PE3043-FALL/2004-Page28WellControlSystem•Detectingthekick•Closingthewellatthesurface•Circulatingthewellunderpressuretoremovetheformationfluidsandincreasemuddensity•Movingthedrillstringunderpressure•DivertingflowawayfromrigpersonnelandequipmentPE3043-FALL/2004-Page29KickPE3043-FALL/2004-Page30KickDetectingDuringDrillingOperationsFig.1.41PE3043-FALL/2004-Page31WellMonitoringSystem•Depth•Penetrationrate•Hookload•Rotaryspeed•Rotarytorque•Pumprate•Pumppressure•Muddensity•Mudtemperature•MudSalinity•Gascontent•Hazardousgascontentofair•Pitlevel•MudflowratePE3043-FALL/2004-Page32“Smart”DrillingSystem•MWD---Measurementwhiledrilling•LWD---Realtimelogging•FEWD---Formationevaluationwhiledrilling•SWD---Realtimeseismicdata•DWD---Diagnosticswhiledrilling–