虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气语法总结1.虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式1)Ifyougotburntanddroppedthepanofburningoil,youwouldhaveahouseonfire.2)IfMarryhadn’tdevotedallhertimetostudy,aswasthecasewithTom,shecouldn’thavepassedtheexam.3)Ifourtrainweretoarrivelate,weshouldcanceltheplan4）Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodoitrightnow.2．特殊虚拟条件句（1）倒装虚拟条件句1）Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2）WereI(=IfIwere)you,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.3）Shoulditrain(Ifitshouldrain)tomorrow,Iwouldn’t’tgo.4）Hadhenotbroken(Ifhehadnotbroken)theruleslastweek,hewouldn’tfallbehindnow,whichannoyshismother.(核)（2）.错综虚拟条件句条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.IfIhadearnedsomemoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonvacationnextmonth.Ifyouhadnotmissedthebus,wewouldbeenjoyingtheirconcertnow.Ifithadn’tbeenforthetsunamilastyear,theoldmancouldbelivingahappylifenow.（3）.含蓄虚拟条件句虚拟条件从句通过下述词语引出：with,without,butfor,or,otherwise,ifithadnotbeen/ifitwerenotfor…etc例如：1）Icouldn’thavewonthecompetitionwithoutyourencouragement.2）Withyourassistance,wemightfinishtheplanearlier3）Butforyouadvice,Iwouldnotbeabletodothiswork.4)Victorobviouslydoesn’t’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehewouldn’t’thavemadesuchastupidremark.条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一般用were）would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词wouldhavedone与将来事实可能相反1.动词的过去式2．should+动词原形3．wereto+动词原形Would+动词原形3名词性从句中的虚拟语气A.常这样用的形容词有：appropriate、advisable、desirable、essential、imperativeimportant、insistent、necessary、natural、strange、urgent、vitalB.常这样用的抽象名词有：pity,shame如：1)Itwasnaturalthatshe(should)thinkso.2)Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.3)Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.4）It’sstrangethatsuchanoutstandingactorshouldhavekilledhimselfwhenhewasontopofhiscareer.4．建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。注：无论所在的句子是何种从句都用此种结构。常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：recommend、request、require、advise、propose、desire、insist、suggest、command、order、1）Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.（宾从）2）Theyproposedthatalltheplans(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.（宾从）3）Mr.Smithhassomethingurgenttoattendto.Whodoyousuggest(should)substituteforhimatthemeeting?（宾从）4）Theteacherdemandedthatthemonitorshouldseetoitthatallthestudentsgotthemessage.（宾从）5）Thechildrenarerequiredthatundernocircumstancesshouldthedoorbekeptunlocked.（宾从）6)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldmakepreparationsforthecomingparade.（定从）7)Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.（主从）8)WhatdoyouthinkofMrLi’sproposalthatweshouldhaveatogethernextFriday?（同从）9)Theoldman’srequestisthathischildrenshouldgivehimsomemoneytoliveoneverymonth.（表从）[注]当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：1）Herfacesuggested(暗示)thatshewasill.SoIsuggested(建议)thatshe(should)besenttothehospitalimmediately.2)Heinsisted（坚持认为）thathewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。5.动词wish主句谓语从句谓语Wish对…情况的虚拟从句谓语形式现在动词的过去式（be用were）过去+had过去分词Couldhave+过去分词将来Could/should/would+动词原形[注]主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词that常常省去。1）IwishIweretenyearsyounger.2）IwishIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastnight.3)IwishIcouldhavetalkedtoherthen.4）Hewishesyouwouldgoandvisithim.6.asif,asthough1)Shelookedaftertheorphanasifhewereherownchild.2)Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.[注1]asif从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewerebreathing.[注2]在Itlooks(seems,sounds)asif后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7．．．．wouldrather与现状或将来事实不符用动词的过去时，与过去事实不符用动词的过去完成时。1)Iwouldratherhevisitedustoday/tomorrow.2)Iwouldratherhehadvisitedusyesterday.3）Unliketheparentswhoarealwaysforcingtheirchildtofollowthem,Iwouldrathermysondidashepleased.4)Whatapity!IwouldratherIhadtakentheteacher’sadviceyesterday.5）Doyoufeellikegoingoutforachangeorwouldyouratherwetwohaddinnerathome?8．．．．Itis(high)timethat+sbdid(shoulddo)…1)Itistimethattheboyshouldgotoschool.2)Itishightime(that)theweatherbeimproved.3）Whatamess!Itistimethatyourpapersneededsortingout.9.if(only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：1）If(only)sheweremysister!她要是我姐姐（就好了）！2）Ifonlyhehadnotleft!如果他没走（该多好啊）！10．．．．用于表示祝愿的句子中Longlive+主语！…万岁!…长存！Mayyou+动词原形!祝你11．Incase,forfear(that),suppose,supposing,etc.Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain(itrains)Supposeyouwereonholidayandyouhadareallygoodnovelthatyouhadbeenlookingforwardtoreading.SupposingyouhadjustboughtanewDVDplayer.Ihadtorunawayforfearthathemightonedaykillme.12.隐含在上下文中的虚拟语气、Anyonewhohadseenthepaintingmighthavetakenitforaphoto.Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethat.Whatapity!Fiveminutesearlier,andyoucouldhavecaughtthetrain.I‘mnotsureifIwouldhavehadenoughcouragetorefusethat.Normallywewouldhavebeenonlytoohappy,asitwouldhaveguaranteedaseatforthewholejourney.