Asian Biotechnology, Innovation and Development

AsianBiotechnology,InnovationandDevelopmentInitiative(ABIDI)January25,2007,ConferenceHallII,IndiaInternationalCentre,NewDelhiDepartmentofBiotechnologyGovernmentofIndiaStatisticalDefinitionofBiotechnologyIdentifyingPhilippineConcerns(Asianperspective)NinaG.Gloriani,M.D.,Ph.D.President,BiotechnologyCoalitionofthePhilippinesOECDDefinition¾TheapplicationofScienceandTechnologytolivingorganismsaswellasparts,productsandmodelsthereof,toalterlivingornon-livingmaterialsfortheproductionofknowledge,goodsandservices™broaddefinition,coverstraditional,borderlineandmodernbiotechnologyThePhilippinedefinitionModernBiotechnology(Philippinedefinitionexcludestraditionalbiotechnology)ModernBiotechnologyAO#81.Recombinantnucleicacidtechniquesinvolvingformationofnewcombinationsofgeneticmaterialbytheinsertionofnucleicacidmoleculesproducedbywhatevermeansoutsideanorganismintoanyvirus,bacterialplasmidorothervectorsystemandtheirincorporationintoahostorganisminwhichtheydonotnaturallyoccur,butinwhichtheyarecapableofcontinuedpropagationModernBiotechnology2.Techniquesinvolvingdirectintroductionintoanorganismofheritablematerialpreparedoutsidetheorganismincludingmicro-injection,macro-injectionandmicro-encapsulationModernBiotechnology3.Cellfusion,includingprotoplastfusionorhybridizationtechniqueswherelivecellswithnewcombinationsofheritablegeneticmaterialareformedthroughthefusionoftwoormorecellsbymeansofmethodsthatdonotoccurnaturally.ModernBiotechnologyEO514¾Theapplicationof-invitronucleicacidtechniquesincludingrecombinantdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ordirectinjectionofnucleicacidintocellsororganelles-fusionofcellsbeyondthetaxonomicfamilythatovercomenaturalphysiologicalreproductiveorrecombinationbarriersandthatarenottechniquesusedintraditionalbreedingorselectionPhilippineBiotechstatistics–Issues¾Biotechactivities-submissionsincludedallkindsofbiotechnology¾UseddifferentcategoriesofapplicationsnotconsistentwithOECDmainapplicationfields¾Avarietyofbiotechniqueslistedbutonetechniquehasadifferentornotsocleardefinition,i.e.nanobiotechnologyButingeneral,thePhil.listofbiotechactivitiesfallwithintheOECDlist-baseddefinition¾Thereportofmostagenciesonbiotechprojects/activities/techniquescouldbeeasilylistedunderlist-baseddefinition¾Bestexamples:-DNA/RNA:-Proteins&othermolecules-Cell&tissueculture/engineering-Processtechniques-BioinformaticsButothertechniquesalsolistedas“biotech”…¾Reproductivebiotechniquesforcattleorcarabao¾Cloningthroughsomaticcellnucleartransferforimprovementinwaterbuffaloes¾Identifyingmutationsingenesofantibioticresistantorganisms¾BiofortificationOthertechniquesalsolistedas“biotech”…¾T3generationoftransgenicIR72withXa-21gene¾Traditionalcrossbreedingof2transgenicparents;stackhybridseeds¾IntrogressionofcucumbermosaicviruscoatproteinresistancetotomatovarietiesOthertechniqueslistedas“biotech’¾Smallruminantgeneticimprovement¾Genediscoveryincoconut/promoteranalysis¾Identifyingmutationsingenesofantibioticresistantorganisms¾InvitropropagationofdwarfbananasgeneticallymodifiedfordelayedfruitripeningOurProposedlistofothertechniques-Expansionoflist¾Environmentalbiotechnologies:bioremediation,biosensing,biologicalcontrol,anyotherprocessbiotechnologytechniques¾Metabolomics/metabonomics¾Systemsbiology–biosystems–ecologicalsanitation.Composting/digestion¾Syntheticbiology¾Biodiscovery¾Othercategoriesbioproducts,biofuels,bioplastics,biodetergents,biolubricantsOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾DNA/RNA:genomics,pharmacogenomics,geneprobes,geneticengineering,DNA/RNAsequencing/synthesis/amplification,geneexpressionprofilinganduseofantisensetechnologyOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾Proteinsandothermolecules:sequencing/synthesis/engineeringofproteinsandpeptides(Includinglargemoleculehormones);improveddeliverymethodsforlargemoleculedrugs;proteomics,proteinisolationandpurification,signaling,identificationofcellreceptorsOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾Cellandtissueengineering:Cell/tissueculture,tissueengineering(includingtissuescaffoldsandbiomedicalengineering),cellularfusion,vaccine/immunestimulants,embryomanipulationOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾Processbiotechnologytechniques:fermentationusingbioreactors,bioprocessing,bioleaching,biopulping,biobleaching,biodesulphurisation,bioremediation,biofiltrationandphytoremediationOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾GeneandRNAvectors:Genetherapy,viralvectors¾Bioinformatics:Constructionofdatabasesongenomes,proteinsequences,modelingcomplexbiologicalprocesses,includingsystemsbiologyOECDList-basedDefinitionofbiotechnologytechniques¾Nanobiotechnology:appliestoolsandprocessesofnano/microfabricationtobuilddevicesforstudyingbiosystemsandapplicationsindrugdelivery,diagnostics,etc.BiotechnologyApplicationsinthePhilippines¾LargestisAgriculturalbiotechindustry-Plant-Animal¾Medical¾Industrial¾Environmentalbiotechnology¾AquacultureBiotechnologyApplicationsinthePhilippines-Issues¾DiffersomewhatfromOECD3mainapplicationfields¾HealthapplicationsperOECDincludehum