美国文学Francis-Scott--Fitzgerald

FrancisScottFitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德Contents:1.LifeandcareerofFrancisScottFitzgerald2.Fitzgerald’smajorworks3.Fitzgerald’swritingstyle4.Representativework-----TheGreatGatsbyplotofthisbookdistinctivefemalecharactersJazzAgeandthedecayingAmericandreamFitzgeraldisafamousAmericannovelist,shortstorywriterandessayist；Fitzgeraldisarepresentativeofthe1920s:aspokesmanfortheJazzAge;oneofthe“lostgeneration”writers.1.LifeandcareerofFrancisScottFitzgerald1.LifeandcareerofFrancisScottFitzgerald1896FrancisScottFitzgeraldwasborninSt.Paul,MinnesotaonSeptember24,18961913.StudiedatPrincetonUniversity1917AfterhisfailureintheloveaffairswithGinevra，ScottleftPrincetonwithoutgraduatingin1917.1918HedecidedtofightasasoldierintheWWⅠ,buthewassentfortrainingtoMontgomery,AlabamaintheSouth1920hisfirstnovelThisSideofParadisereachedangreatsuccessandmarriedZeldaandlivedanextravagantlife.1940In21December1940,hediedofheartattackNovels：1920年：ThisSideofParadise《尘世乐园》1922年：TheBeautifulandDamned《美丽与毁灭》1925年：TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比》1934年：TenderIstheNight《夜色温柔》1941年：TheLoveoftheLastTycoon《最后一个影坛大亨》Shortstorycollections：1920年：FlappersandPhilosophers《姑娘们与哲学家们》1922年：TalesoftheJazzAge《爵士时代的故事》1922年：TheCuriousCaseofBenjaminButton《本杰明巴顿奇事》1926年：AlltheSadYoungMen《所有悲伤的年轻人的故事》Othernotableworks：1923年：TheVegetable《蔬菜》1945年：TheCrack-Up《崩溃》2.Fitzgerald’smajorworksFitzgeraldwasoneofthegreatstylistsinAmericanliterature.Hisproseissmooth,sensitive,andcompletelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.Itssimplicityandgracefulness;itsskillinmanipulatingtherelationbetweenthegeneralandthespecificrevealhisconsummate（完美的）artistry.3.Fitzgerald’swritingstyle1.ThePlotofTheGreatGatsby:GatsbyisapooryouthfromtheMidwest.HefallsinlovewithDaisy,agirlfromawealthyfamily.Asapoorlad,Gatsbyistoopoortomarryher,soDaisyismarriedtoarichyoungmannamedTomBuchanan.DeterminedtowinDaisyback,GatsbyengageshimselfinBootlegging(非法制造私酒)andotherillegalactivities,thusearnsenoughmoneytobuyamagnificentmansion.TherehehostsdazzlingpartieseveryweekendinthehopeofattractingtheBuchananstocome.Bychancehisnext-doorneighbor,NickCarraway,isDaisy’srelativeandhehelpsGatsbytomakeanappointment.TheyfinallycomeandGatsbymeetsDaisyagain.1.ThePlotofTheGreatGatsby:ButhefindsDaisyisnolongertheidealloveofhisdream.Asenseoflossanddisillusionmentcomeoverhim.DaisyandTomdonotreallyloveeachother.Infact,TomhasamistressbythenameofMyrtleWilson,whoisthewifeoftheownerofagarage.OnedayDaisyquarrelswithTomandinafitofangershedrivesGatsby’scarandkillsMyrtleinanaccident.Inordertoprotectthemselves,DaisyandTomplottoshifttheblameontoGatsby,sayingGatsbyhasanaffairwithMyrtleandhekillshereventually.Myrtle’shusbandGeorgeWilsonbreaksintoGatsby’shouseandshotshimtodeath.TheBuchanansescape,andtheonlytwopeopleattendingGatsby’sfuneralareNickandGatsby’sfather,whoreadsthenewsinnewspaper.DaisyBuchanan(黛西•布坎南)–anattractivebutshallowandself-absorbed,youngdebutanteandsocialite（社会名流）,identifiedasaflapper.Sheistheupperclass.2.distinctivefemalecharacters•JordanBaker(乔丹•贝克)-Daisy’slong-timefriendwith“autumn-leafyellow”hair,afirmathleticbody,andanaloofattitude.SheisNick’sgirlfriendAcynicalandconceitedwomanwhocheatsingolf;wantsNicktogooutwithher.2.distinctivefemalecharacters•MyrtleWilson(威尔逊太太)-George‘swife,andTom’smistress.Shepossessesafiercevitality,isdesperatetofindrefugefromhercomplacentmarriage,butunfortunatelythisleadstohertragicending：accidentallykilledbyGatsby‘scardrivenbyDaisy.2.distinctivefemalecharactersThoughthesethreewomenthreedifferentclasses,theysharethesamecharacteristicsoffemalevaluesundertheJazzAge,thatisabandonthetraditionalfemalevirtuesandpursueanextrememateriallife.Theythinkwealthistheonlycriteriaofsuccess.Womendescribedinthatbookare①.allprettyinappearancebuthollowinside;②.moneyoriented;③.vainglorious;④.selfish.2.distinctivefemalecharactersTheGreatGatsbyexposestherepresentativefigures’humannatureoffalseness,indifferenceandselfishness,underthecultofgold-worship’strend.Whenthenovelmakesitscharacterdelineation,itswordsandplotsarehumorousandvivid.So,youmayaskwhyFrancisScottFitzgeralddescribedwomeninsuchaway.Therootreasonofsuchdescriptionisthe1920s’ssocialclimate----moneyisking.BackgroundTheJazzAgeisthenicknameinAmericaofthedecadeofthe1920’s,beginningfrom1919totheCrashattheendof1929.Itreferstothe“Twenties”ofthiscentury.Thesetenyearswerein:3.1Background:JazzAgecarefreeprosperity,afeverishpursuitofpleasuremanywentintodebtinordertoobtainsuchthingsbewilderinggreatsocialchangeWWIwasjustover,newinventionsandtechniquesurbanizationwomengotrighttovote••••••Peopleinthattimelivedarich,extravagant,frivolousmoneymakinglife.Butbeneaththeirmasksofrelaxation,theagewasaneraofdecayedsocialandmoralvaluesandemptypursuitofpleasure.Fitzgeraldwasbothaleadingparticipantinthetypicallyfrivolous,carefree,money-makinglifeofthedecadeand,atthesametime,adetachedobserverofit.Hewasthemostrepresentativenovelistofthe1920’s.3.1Background:JazzAgeItwasanageofmiracles,itwasanageofart,itwasanageofexcess,anditwasanageofsatire.----F.ScottFitzgerald这是一个奇迹的时代，一个艺术的时代，一个挥金如土的时代，也是一个充满嘲讽的时代.3.1Bac