锂离子电池针刺实验模型

Anelectrochemicalmodelingoflithium-ionbatterynailpenetrationKuan-ChengChiua,Chi-HaoLinb,Sheng-FaYehb,Yu-HanLinb,Kuo-ChingChena,*aInstituteofAppliedMechanics,NationalTaiwanUniversity,No.1,Sec.4,RooseveltRoad,Taipei10617,TaiwanbMaterialandChemicalResearchLaboratories,IndustrialTechnologyResearchInstitute,195,Sec.4,ChungHsingRd.,Chutung,Hsinchu31040,Taiwanhighlights
TheexperimentandsimulationofLIBnailpenetrationtestareperformed.
Wemodelthebehaviorofshort-circuitLIBsusingporouselectrodetheory.
Accuratelydescribingtheshort-circuitvoltageisessential.
Nailpenetrationinducedthermalrunawayisdescribedbyabuseequations.
Theshort-circuitheatingdeterminesthemomentofthermalrunaway.articleinfoArticlehistory:Received7September2013Receivedinrevisedform10November2013Accepted22November2013Availableonline1December2013Keywords:Lithium-ionbatteryNailpenetrationShort-circuitmodelingThermalrunawayabstractNailpenetrationintoabatterypack,resultinginastateofshort-circuitandthusburning,islikelytooccurinelectriccarcollisions.Todemonstratethebehaviorofaspecificbatterywhensubjecttosuchincidents,astandardnailpenetrationtestisusuallyperformed;however,conductingsuchanexperi-mentismoneyconsuming.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoproposeanumericalelectrochemicalmodelthatcansimulatethetestaccurately.Thissimulationmakestwoaccuratepredictions.First,weareabletomodelshort-circuitedlithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)viaelectrochemicalgoverningequationssothatthemassandchargetransfereffectcouldbeconsidered.Second,thetemperaturevariationofthecellduringandafternailpenetrationisaccuratelypredictedwiththehelpofsimulatingthetemperaturedistri-butionofthermalrunawaycellsbythermalabuseequations.Accordingtothisnailpenetrationmodel,boththeonsetofbatterythermalrunawayandthecelltemperatureprofileofthetestareobtained,bothofwhicharewellfittedwithourexperimentalresults.
2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionLithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)arewidelyusedinportableelec-tronicdevices.Withcharacteristicsofhighpowerdensityandlittlememorizingeffect,LIBsarenowalsobeingutilizedasthepowersourceforelectric-poweredtransportationtools,suchasEVs(electricvehicles)andHEVs(hybridelectricvehicles)[1,2].Sincepassengersafetyiscloselyrelatedtothevehicle’sdesign,athor-oughunderstandingoftheEV’sandHEV’sLIBbehaviorunderextremeenvironmentisessential,especiallyinabuseconditionswhichcanpotentiallycauseinflammationorexplosionofthebat-terypack.Asaresult,varioustestscanbeconductedtogiveaninsightofthebattery’spropertyunderdifferentabuseconditions.Inthispaper,wefocusononetestdthenailpenetrationtest[3e6]dforbatterysafety.BydrivingasteelnaildirectlyintotheLIB,thenegativeandpositiveelectrodesarepartiallyconnectedinsidethejelly-rollbytheelectricconductingnail.Atthepointofpenetration,electronscanflowfreelybetweenthetwoelec-trodesthroughthenail,resultinginalocalinternalshort-circuitthatoccursatthenailandjelly-rollinterface.Jouleandentropicheatarethusgeneratedduetothelargeelectriccurrentdensityandtheredoxreactionoflithium,respectively[7].Thisexcessiveheatwillpropagatethroughoutthecellfromthepointofpene-tration,raisingthetemperatureofthejelly-rollwithin.Ifnocurrentshut-downortemperaturesuppressingdeviceiseffec-tive,thecelltemperaturecouldupsurgehighenoughtotriggerthethermaldecomposingreactionsofthejelly-rollmaterials.Oncethereactionsareactivated,itisgenerallyinescapableforbatterythermalrunawaytooccur[8].Byconductingthebatterynailpenetrationtest,valuableinfor-mationaboutthebehaviorofbatteriesunderinternalshort-circuit*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:þ886233665676;fax:þ886223639290.E-mailaddresses:[e-mail],[e-mail](K.-C.Chen).ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofPowerSourcesjournalhomepage:
2013ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.(2014)254e263couldbeprovided.However,suchexperimentsmaybemoneyconsuming,andwiththepotentialofbatteryexplosion,nailpenetrationmusttakeplaceinsideafire-proofinfrastructure,causingitadangeroustesttoconduct.Besidesexperiments,numericalmethodsprovideasensiblealternativemeanstosavemoney.Modelingthenailpenetrationin-cludesthesimulationof(i)LIBshort-circuitand(ii)materialthermaldecomposition.WhenencounteringLIBshort-circuit,theheatgen-erationratecanbesimulatedbyconsideringonlytheohmicheatingofthecellduetoalargecurrentdensitydischarge[9,10].However,amoresophisticatedmethodistoconsidertheentropicheatingaswell,andthetemperatureofthebatterycanbesimulatedifthethermalpropertiesofthecellareknown[11e14].Ontheotherhand,acrushexperimentcouldbeperformedtounderstandtheeffectofinternalshort-circuitduetophysicalabuse[15].Theexperimentre-vealsthesituationwhenLIBsaredroppedorbentbyanouterforce.AnotherconditionofLIBshort-circuitisthecontaminationofmetalparticleduringmanufacturing,andstudieshaveshownthatthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthecellbehaviorsofnailpenetrationinducedandcontaminationinducedshort-circuit[16].Inthiswork,Section2presentsthesetupandtheexperimentalre