Watershed Assessment tools

WatershedAssessmentToolsWaterQualityMonitoringTrainingCasper,WyomingJune21,2007WatershedAssessmentTools►Usedtoexamineinteractionamongwatershedcharacteristics,landuse,andhydrologicprocesses.IntegrationofGIStoolswatershedinformationmodels(simulation)decisiontoolsWatershedModels►Usedtohelpunderstandcauseandeffectrelationshipswithinawatershed.►Canbeusedtocomparemanagementplanalternatives(scenarios&whatifs)►Canbeacosteffective(andeasy?)toolforwatershedplanning.►HydrologicandHydraulicAssessmentTools:HEC-HMSisdesignedtosimulatetheprecipitation-runoffprocessesofdendriticwatershedsystems....►BASINS:BetterAssessmentScienceIntegratingPoint&NonpointSources–EPAAmulti-purposeenvironmentalanalysissystemthatintegratesageographicalinformationsystem(GIS),nationalwatersheddata,andstate-of-the-artenvironmentalassessmentandmodelingtoolsintooneconvenientpackageAutomatedGeospatialWatershedAssessment(AGWA):AGIS-BasedHydrologicModelingToolforWatershedAssessmentsPC-basedGIStoolforwatershedmodelingCanaccommodatemultiplehydrologicalmodels(modular)Investigatetheimpactsoflandcoverchange,andmanagementpractices,onrunoff,erosion,waterqualityTargetedforusebyresearchscientists,managementspecialistsEaseofuseWidelyapplicableObjectivesoftheAGWAtoolSimple,directmethodformodelparameterizationProvide“accurate”,repeatableresultsRequirebasic,attainableGISdata30mUSGSDEM(free,UScoverage)STATSGO,SURRGO,FAOsoildata(USandglobalcoverage)US-EPANALC,MRLC,andGAPlandscapedataUsefulforscenariodevelopment,alternativefuturessimulationwork,andwatershedassessmentsProviderelativechangewhenvalidationdataareinsufficientObjectivesoftheAGWAtool►TwomodelsutilizedtoaccountforarangeofspaceandtimescalesKINEROS2(smallerbasins,events–designstorms)Distributed:physically-basedmodelwithdynamicroutingHydrology,erosion,sedimenttransportSWAT(Largebasins–daily/annual)Distributed:empiricalandphysically-basedmodelHydrology,sediment,nutrient,andpesticideyields►Hasbeenappliedacrossarangeoflandscape,precipitationregimesModelingtheImpactsofLandCoverChangeandBestManagementPracticesAssessmentofBMPs►KINEROSstreambufferstriptool►2newland-covermodificationoptionsexaminetheeffectsofdifferentmanagementpracticesonwaterquantityandqualityatthewatershedscale►BMPlandCovermodificationusingNRCSstateandtransitionmodels►Post-firewatershedassessmentAGWA1.4ArcViewInterface–inBASINS3.1CalculateandviewdifferencesbetweenmodelrunsMultiplesimulationrunsforagivenwatershedColor-rampingofresultsforeachelementtoshowspatialvariabilityVisualizationofResultsKINEROSStreamBufferTool•User-definedgeometry(lengthandwidth)foreachbufferonthewatershed•Canbeparameterizedforpre-andpost-treatmentscenarios•Post-treatmentscenarioallowsuserstoselectanewlandcoverandslopeforthebufferelement•Simulationmodelstherunoff-runonprocessviainteractiveinfiltrationinKINEROSRainfallInfiltrationLandCoverModificationToolAllowsuserstoexaminetheeffectsofdifferentmanagementpracticesonwaterquantityandqualityatthewatershedscaleOptions•UniformChange–existingoption:User-definedpolygonchangefromonelandcoverclasstoanother•Formorerealisticsurfacechangeachoiceoftworandomsurfacesisprovided:–Allowschangeofanareatoanewlandcoverorlandcovers–Randomlydistributedlandcoverpatches-Two-dimensionalmidpointdisplacementmultifractalsurface–CompletelyspatiallyrandomsurfaceBMPModificationTool•UtilizesNRCSRangeSiteDatabasetodescribesstateandtransitionpathwaysforvariousplantcommunities(twopathways:successionorregression)•TransitionsaredefinedbytheBMPsdefinedfortheselectedplantstate•BMPsinclude:–Prescribedfires–Grazingregimes–Invasivespeciescontrol•UserscanalsoselectthesuccessrateofaBMP,creatingarandomlydistributedpatchysurfaceoftheoriginalplantstateandthenewplantstateIIIIIIIVDotAGWA-BetaDotAGWAMainInterface–LegendandReferencemap–Mappingtools(zoom,pan)–Plandevelopmenttools(addwaterpoint,addfenceline,addexclusionzone(polygon)–ToolsfordelineatingawatershedandrunningthediscretizerManagementPlanInterface–Userhasdefinedaplanwithpoints,linesandpolygons–Userhasdelineatedthewatershed–Userhasrunthediscretizertoprepareinputformodels–Userselectedmodel(s)runinbackground–Modeloutputpresentedtouserandusercanselecttypeofoutput(underdevelopment)Urbanization–Multi-ScaleApplicationHighurbangrowth1973-1997UpperSanPedroRiverBasin##ARIZONASONORAPhoenixTucsonWYWYWateryieldchangebetween1973and1997SWATResultsNForestOakWoodlandMesquiteDesertscrubGrasslandUrban1997LandCoverConcentratedurbanizationUsingSWATandKINEROSforintegratedwatershedassessmentLandcoverchangeanalysisandimpactonhydrologicresponseSierraVistaSubwatershedKINEROSResultsAlternativeFuturesExampleMethodology:•FocusGroupstodefinestakeholderpreferences•Acquirespatialdata•Modelthefuturelandscape•ApplyAGWAforeachAlternativeFuture,VisualizeandCompareResultsDevelopmentPlans:OPEN,EXISTING“PLANS”,andCONSTRAINEDAGWA-SWATPost-FireAssessment###20246MilesNSabinoCanyonGaugingStationSabinoCanyonGaugingStationMarshallGulchGaugingStationMarshallGulchGaugingStation70-7272-7474-7676-7878-8080-8282-8484-8686-88Pre-fireEst.CurveNumbers