第2章正弦交流稳态电路习题课★学习要点1、正弦量的表示方法及其相互转换;2、R、L、C三元件正弦激励下的伏安特性,功率与能量转换关系;3、正弦稳态电路的相量图和相量式分析法;4、功率因数的概念与功率因数的提高。★练习题(答:I=1A)1A;1/3A;?23A求I。VU03044CX4LXI4R例tVu314sin2100调节电容C,使电流i与电压u同相,并测得电容电压AI1180CUV。在图示电路中,已知:例CuiRLCu,求R、L、C的值,此时电路呈何性质?1001100IUR1801180IUXCC1117.7314180CCFX180CLXX1800.573314LXLH解:Vtu)4510sin(500Ati)6010sin(4000Ati)4510sin(10401(1)试问两个负载的性质?(2)求电源提供的有功功率P,无功功率Q和视在功率S。ui1i2i1Z2Z例解:(1)Z1为阻性,Z2为容性。(2)050400coscos159.65922PUIkWsin(15)2.588QUIkVarkVAVAUIS101024002504ui1i2i1Z2Z01000UV,3R,1LX,2CX。求I,P,。并画相量图12()UIII、、、解:UI1I2IRLjXCjX例10161213)3)(62(3622jjjjj0253.1jjjjjXRjXjXRjXZLCLC32)3(2)(AI001.53501.532100kVP31.53cos5010000coscos53.10.6033.218.4RLZjI01.5304.181I2IU相量图tVu314sin2220kWP114.0(1)求电流i;(2)并联电容,FC1100求总电流i及总功率因数;(3)画出并联C后的相量图(含各支路电流及总电压)。例uiCiiRLC(4)求总电流i比电流i减小了多少?(1)AUPI1254.02201011cos304.664.0arccosAti)4.66314sin(21250(2)由)tan(tan2UPC解得05.37总功率因数79.0cos解:uiCiiRLC)5.37314sin(2630ti总电流AIIP6379.050cos/(3)相量图AIIP504.0125cosPIU05.3704.66ICII总电压U=10V,试求:?并画出相量图。?,?,cRUUI解:法一相量法:模型电路如图则AZUI9.3619.3610010VRIUR9.36889.361VjjXIUCC1.536689.361)()(相量图:IRUCUU9.36电流超前电压所以电路呈容性。9.36例已知IL=5A,IC=3A,求总电流I答案:I=2A本题宜采用作图法IL=5AIC=3AI?AIL5AIC3IIICLU?解:为参考正弦量设U例IRU10CU10U210U答案:?解:已知各元件上电压表的读数,求总电压U为参考正弦量设I例URILICII202555?答案:25I已知电流表PA1、PA2、PA3的读数分别为5A、20A、25A,求电流表PA的读。U设为参考正弦量解:例25A20A5A?若维持PA1的读数不变,将电路的频率提高一倍,再求其它表的读数。U电压没变解:ZUI原电路新电路RRLXLLLXLX22CXC1CCXCX2121新电路电流AIIRR5AIILL105.0AIICC502因为AI31.405105022)(答案:AIAIAIAICLR31.4050105所以电压也没变2URILICICU525?51U552CUVsrad/10001552RIUR1552LLIULXmHXLL110001125251CCCIUCXFXCC10001100011VU52已知三个表PA1、PA2、PV的读数分别为AIL5A5A25V5。、、,求角滞后CLRUU021901PA2PAPV例4545455LX10CXR10IA1IU试求:1)2)该电路的无功功率及功率因数,并说明该电路呈何性质。.解:1)方法一分析求解因L、C并联部分电压相同,又知LCXX2212II02101IIIAII121所以因为即例U.I.I1.I2.RjXL-jXC2IAI0102AI021801则得011025101010245UjjV1ILURUU450(参考)方法二画相量图求解2IIU.I.I1.I2.RjXL-jXCVarUIQ1022121045sin0707.045cos02)无功功率功率因数由于超前450,故该电路呈电感性。UISG1.0SYC1.01Z21UUUI1Z在图3-35所示电路中,,为感性,,且与同相,试求。UI1U2U1ZGCY2Z例55200100010001010)10(102jjjjZ1212,UUIIUI,又与同相解:因为所以01452555jZ即为共扼复数,与21ZZRLC串联电路,已知R=30,L=127mH,C=40F,电源电压u=220(sin314t+20º)V2求:(1)电路的感抗、容抗和阻抗;(2)电流有效值及瞬时值的表达式;(3)各部分电压有效值及瞬时值的表达式;(4)作相量图;(5)电路的功率P和Q。(1)感抗40101273143LXL容抗80)1040314(/116CXC50)(22CLXXRZ阻抗(2)电流有效值AZUI4.450/220/)(53电容性RXXarctgCL相位差角例解:电流瞬时值)5320314sin(24.4ti(3)电阻端电压VRIUR132304.4At)73314sin(24.4VtuL)163314sin(2176电感端电压VXIULL176404.4VtuR)73314sin(2132CLRUUUUVtuC)17314sin(2352电容端电压VXIUCC352804.4显然:RLCUUUU只有:(4)相量图如右所示:CULURUU.I20º(5)电路的功率cosUIPW8.580)53cos(4.4220电路的无功功率sinUIQVar4.774)53sin(4.4220视在功率VAUIS9684.4220——解毕试用相量(复数)法计算上题中电流及各电压相量。解VU20/220.电压相量复数阻抗)8040(30)(jXXjRZCL53/50电流相量AZUI73/4.453/5020/220..R、L、C的电压相量VRIUR73/1323073/4.4..VjXIjULL163/1764073/4.4..VjXIjUCC17/352)80(73/4.4..