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宾语从句熊琦英2013.4.10一.定义宾语从句：一个从句充当谓语动词的宾语二.主要类型1）.由连接代词或连接副词引导。连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,wonder,understand,discuss,show等等：e.gDoyouknowwhathehassaid?Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?Doyouknowwhatkindofpersonsheis?Let’sseehowwecanfinishthehardwork.Haveyoudecidedwhomyouwouldvisittomorrow?Pleaseshowmewhereyourpassportis.Lucystillwonderedwhyhecouldn’tpasstheexam.2）.由连词whether或if引导。（口语中常用if）e.gSheaskedmeifshecouldborrowthesebooks.Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用whether,if引导的从句作宾语；e.gI’mwonderingiftheletterisover-weight.Idon’tknowwhetherthisanswerisright.另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。e.gPleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstop.Didshesayanythingabouthowtheworkwastobedone？3)由that引导。（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）e.gHeknew(that)heshouldworkhard.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheHeadmaster.注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个it作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时it也可以省略）e.gWeallthoughtitapitythatshecouldn’tcome.Itookhiswordforitthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。）Itakeitthatwearetoleaveearly.（我想我们动身是会很早的。）三.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况1.引导词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词that等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：e.gHesaid（that）hehadanewdictionary.Iknow(that)Lucycanplayfootballverywell.但是，如果that引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个that不能省略。e.gIknow(that)TomcomesfromFranceandthatheteachesinamiddleschoolinGuilinnow.由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用whether或if引导，并且两词可以互用。但是whether可以和ornot连用，而if不能。e.gIwanttoknowwhether(if)shestilllivesthere.Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how等引导。e.gIdon’tknowwhosebookitis.DoyouknowwhereourEnglishteacherlives?Theteacheraskedwhatwashappening.Hewantedtoknowwhyyoucanplaythepianosowell.2.语句的顺序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。e.gCouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhat’sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday？PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.3.时态的变化.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.gTomhasbeentoGuilintwice.shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.heisinterestedinEnglish.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.ghewouldgotoXi’an.hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.hehadhadsupperalready.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.Weshouldknowwhathesaidisonlythetruth.Iknowthatheisanexellentstudent.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.4.标点符号宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?CouldyoutellmehowtogotheNo.28MiddleSchool?Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?5.宾语从句的否定形式一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think,expect,believe,guess,imagine,suppose等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdon’tthinkit’sgoingtorain.Idon’tbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于这种规则。e.gIhopehewon’tcome.6.宾语从句中的特殊情形在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“asksb.todosth.”的句式。e.gDon’topenthedoor.（用they作主语变为宾语从句）Theyasknottoopenthedoor.代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g“IcomefromCanada”,Lucysays.LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是does或did时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。e.gIaskedTom,“Whatdoyoulikebest?”IaskedTomwhathelikedbest.Theteacheraskedme:“Haveyoureadthebook?”TheteacheraskedmeifIhavereadthebook.Heasked,“Whocancarrythebox?”Heaskedwhocouldcarrythebox.五.专项练习1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?A．MumisneededB．doesMumneedC．MumneedsD．didMumneed2、Canyoutellme?A．whereheisB．whereisheC．heiswhereD．whatishe3、Ididn’tknowhowtoLondon?A．wouldtheygoB．aretheygoingC．theywouldgoD．theyaregoing4、IwanttoknowhowlongA．hashebeenbackB．hashecomebackC．hehasbeenbackD．hehascomeback5、Doyouknow?A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews6.-----istruethatshemayfallbehindtheothers.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It7.Theforeignfriendsthink-----theChinesepeopleareveryfriendly.A.thatB.ifC.sinceD.because8.I’dliketoknow-----Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn9.Theteacheraskedus-----theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanedB.cleanC.tocleanD.cleans参考答案：CACCCDAAC