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宾语从句：定义：结构：引导词：主语+谓语+引导词+宾语从句在句中作宾语成分的句子。thatwhatwhenwhywhereif原则：从句必须使用陈述句语序。我不知道我什么时候能完成？Idon’tknowwhenIwillfinish.我不知道你在说什么？Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.我妻子想知道玛丽是否需要帮忙。MywifewantstoknowifMaryneedsanyhelp.我打他了。被动语态他被我打了。主动语态谓语：动作主语：动作的发出者宾语：动作的承受者主语：动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。主语为动作的发出者。被动语态定义：主语为动作承受者的语态。结构：主语+be+V.过去分词主动语态被动语态1.宾语变主语2.V.变be+V.过分3.by+主语（宾格）Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.主语宾语谓语Theflowersarewateredbyhereveryday.主语谓语宾语一般现在时主语+v.原形或单三一般过去时主语+v.过去式一般将来时主语+will+v.原形现在完成时主语+have/has+v.过分主语+am/is/are+v.过分主语+was/were+v.过分主语+will+be+v.过分主语+have/has+been+v.过分1.一般现在时am/is/are+v.过分Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Wehaveluncheveryday.Lunchishadbyuseveryday.Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.2.一般过去时was/were+v.过分Hemadethekiteyesterday.Thekitewasmadebyhimyesterday.3.一般将来时willbe+v.过分Theywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.Hewillwritealettertohismother.Aletterwillbewrittentohismotherbyhim.4.现在完成时has/havebeen+v.过分Jimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.Wehaveeatensomebread.Somebreadhasbeeneatenbyus.课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Thepolicemancatchesthethiefeveryyear.2.Thepolicemancaughtthethieflastyear.3.Thepolicemanhasjustcaughtthethief.4.Thepolicemanwillcatchthethiefsoon.主动语态被动语态Sally’sfirsttrainrideSallyandhermothergetonthetrainuglyHowoldisSally?WheredidSallysit?