The Scarlet Letter红字分析鉴赏

徐千2011521065郑小莉2011521046周舒珊2011521061叶森培2011521057contents1.ThebriefintroductionofNathanielHawthorneandTheScarletLetter2.TheScarletLetterandPuritanism3.BiblicalPrototypesinTheScarletLetter4.Conclusion(1804—1864)4BornJuly4,1804enteredBowdoinCollegein1821firstworkFanshawe,in1828marryingSophiaPeabodyin1842ScarletLetterin1850DiedMay19,1864Biography:5AfamilywithalongPuritantraditionHisfather,ashipcaptain,diedofyellowfeveratseawhenNathanielwasonlyfour.Hismotherbecameoverlyprotectiveandpushedhimtowardrelativelyisolatedpursuits.Hawthorne'schildhoodlefthimshyandbookish,whichmoldedhislifeasawriter.FamilyBackground:6AmericannovelistShortstorywriterAcentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissanceGreatestRomancewriterPioneeringpsychologicalnovelistMoralnovelistIdentity:7Style–typicalromanticwriteramanofliterarycraftsmanship，extraordinaryintheuseofsymboltheuseofambiguityrevelationofcharacters’psychologytheuseofsupernaturalThesymbolservesasaweapontoattackreality.Itcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswritingtokeepthereaderintheworldofuncertainty–multiplepointofviewMajorWorks:ofmoralchoices.•1.TheScarletLetter《红字》•2.TheHouseoftheSevenGables《七个尖角阁的房子》•3.TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》•4.TheMarbleFaun《玉石雕像》•5.Twice-ToldTales《故事重述》•6.SnowImageandOtherStories《雪人及其他故事重述》Hawthorne’sinfluenceHewasamajorAmericanwriterandthegreatestwriterlivinginthe19thcentury.Hewasregardedasapioneerofpsychologicalnovelistandamasterofsymbolism.WiththepublicationofTheScarletLetter,hesecuredhispositionintheliteraryhistoryforever,andheinfluencedmanywritersinhistimeandlatergenerations,suchasHermanMelville,HenryJames,WilliamDeanHowellsandWilliamFaulkneretc..Criticism“NathanielHawthorne’sreputationasawriterisverypleasingfact,becausehiswritingisnotgoodforanything,andthisisatributetotheman.”---RalphWaldoEmerson“ThefinethinginHawthorneisthathecaredforthedeeperpsychology,andthat,inhisway,hetriedtobecomefamiliarwithit.”---HenryJamesPuritanisminfluencedHawthornegreatly.ThespiritofPuritanismcouldbeseeninnearlyallhisworks,suchasevil,Calvinsystem,andspiritualizationandsoonplayedanimportantroleinalmostallhisworks.Hawthorne'spointsofviewandsubject(1)a.Heseemedtobehauntedbyhissenseofsinandevilallhislife.Hehadablackvisionoflifeandhumanbeings.Inalmosteverybookhewrote,hediscussedsinandevil.Evilexistsinthehumanheart(“Earth’sHolocaust浩劫”)Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret(“YoungGoodmanBrown”)Everyoneseemstocoveruphisinnermostevil(“TheMinister’sBlackVeil”)Evilseemstobeman’sbirthmark胎记.(TheBirthmark)b.ToHawthornesinwillgetpunished.TheHouseoftheSevenGablesisanappallingfictionalversionofHawthorne’sbeliefthatthe“wrong-doingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveones.”(一代的恶行会延续至后代）c.OnesourceofevilthatHawthornewasconcernedmostisoverreachingintellect.Hisintellectualcharactersareusuallyvillains罪犯,dreadfulbecausedevoid缺乏offellowfeeling.Hawthorne'spointsofviewandsubject(2)d.Hecomplainedabout“thepovertyofmaterials”inAmerica.Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.e.Becauseof“thepovertyofmaterials”andhisPuritanprudence节俭,hewasconvincedthatromancewasthepredestined注定的formofAmericanNarratives.ManyofhisworksareinspiredbyPuritanNewEngland.TheScarletLetter•Itisafull-lengthnovel.•Thethemeofthenovelisthecolonialtimestwohundredyearsago.•ItexposesthecrueltyofSocialstatute,thedeception欺诈ofreligiousandthehypocrisyofmoralin19thcentury.Maincharactersa.HesterPrynne海丝特·白兰b.ArthurDimmesdale阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔c.RogerChillingworth罗杰·奇灵沃斯d.Pearl珠儿TheScarletLetterandPuritanismThePuritanswereagroupofEnglishProtestantsinthe16thand17thcenturies,including,butnotlimitedto,EnglishCalvinists.PuritanisminthissensewasfoundedbyJohnCalvinfromtheclergyshortlyaftertheaccessionofElizabethIofEnglandin1558,asanactivistmovementwithintheChurchofEngland.ChristianityCatholicsProtestantsCalvinistsMethodistsAnglicansBaptistsPuritansHawthomewasborninadecliningnoblefamilyinSalem,Massachusetts,NewEngland.Salem,hishometown,haseverbeentheplacewherePuritanismforceswererampantandseveralgenerationsofhisancestorswerefanaticPuritans;therefore,thePuritanismthoughthasadeep-rootedeffectonHawthome.ThenovelTheScarletLetterbyHawthomereflectstheCalvinisticthoughtofOriginalSin.ItalsoexpressesHawthome'sdevoutanddoubtfulattitudetoethicsandmoralityofPuritanism.HesterPrynnewasawomanwhocommittedadultery,whichisrepresentationoftheevilofhumannature,andcannotbeacceptedbythesocietyatthattimeandPuritans.HesterbetrayedherhusbandandwentagainsttheprincipleofhonestyonPuritan,soshemustaccepttheseverepunishmentinthePuritansocietyatthattime.Hawthornedeeplygavetheheroineinfinitesympathybecauseshecouldn'tenjoyreallove,happinessandnormallifewhilehedescribedtheatonementofHester,whichrepresentsHawthome'sresentmenttothefactthatPuritanismconstrainsthehumannature.“Wehavewrongedeachother,minewasthefirstwrong,whenIbetrayedthybuddingyouthintoafalseandunnaturalrelationwithmydecay.”“我们彼此都让对方受了委屈,是我先委屈了你，我把你含苞的青春同我这朽木错误地、不自然地嫁接在一起，从而断送了你。“Dimmesdalewasselfishandfalse,andlivedinthecontradictoryandmiserystateaccompanyingbythecriminalpsychology.Hewasstragglingontheedgeofthespiritandthefleshcomingbreak