搜索
Unit2PoliticalSystem,EducationandEconomyGovernmentⅠConstitution1、nowrittenconstitution2、TheConstitutionAct19863、head:QueenElizabethⅡrepresentedbyGovernor-General4、singlechamber:theHouseofRepresentativesParliament1、Importantfunctionincludepassinglaws,supervisinggovernment’sadministrationandreceivingpetitionsfromcitizenswithgrievances2、122MPs:7oftheseairMaoriMPs议会大厦(ParliamentBuildings)位于惠灵顿市中心是目前南半球最大的木造建筑，意大利风格的设计，是惠灵顿的象征由于独特的外观而被称为蜂巢建筑。蜂巢一词因此成为新西兰议会的代名词。PartiesTwomainparties:NationalPartyLabourPartyOpposition:analyse,debateandmayopposelegislationintroducedbythegovermentMMPR(MixedMemberProportionalRepresentation)1、UnderMMPR,eachvoterhastwovotes,thefirstforacandidateintheirelectorate,thesecondforapoliticalparty2、MMPRoffersanopportunityforarangeofpartiestogainseatsbyachievingatleast5%ofpartyvotetheCabinetThePrimeMinisterchoosesupto20MPstoformtheCabinetMinisters’responsibilitiesarecalled“portfolios”黄徐毓芳新西兰首位华人内阁部长因涉嫌使用公款报销其丈夫海外旅行费用而于2010年11月12日宣布主动辞去内阁部长职务。TheOmbudsmanTheOmbudsmanisappointedbyParliamenttoinvestigatepeople’scomplaintsagainstgovernmentdepartmentsandlocalauthorities,andtoensurethatappropriateofficialinformationisfreelyavailabletopublicundertheOfficialInformationActLocalGovernmentThreelevels:RegionalcouncilTerritorialauthoritiesCommunityboardsEducationAgesof6and16CorrespondencecoursesAnelectedboardoftrusteesgovernseachschoolcrèches:fewweeksbabyKindergartens:two-and-a-halftofour-year-old◆Primaryschoolsfromsixyearsofage,butmostNewZealandchildrenstartedattheageof5Childrenspendabouttwoyearsintheinfantclasses,theythenprogressthroughStandards1to4and,insomeschools,Forms1and2.◆Secondaryschoolageof12—13In2002theNationalCertificateofEducationAchievementreplacedtheSchoolCertificateandUniversityEntrance.ExaminForms5,6and7contributetothisCertificate.usuallycalledcollegesorhighschools◆theCorrespondenceSchoolThelargestschoolinNewZealand,theCorrespondenceschool,providesdistanceeducationforstudentsfromearlychildhoodupwards.◆universitiesTherearenineuniversitiesinNewZealand:AucklandUniversity奥克兰大学AucklandUniversityofTechnology奥克兰理工大学Canterbury坎特伯雷大学Lincoln林肯大学Massey梅西大学Otago奥塔哥大学Victoria惠灵顿维多利亚大学Waikato怀卡托大学TeWanangaoAotearoa长白云之乡大学长白云之乡PolytechnicsThe22polytechnicsinNewZealandprovidearangeofvocationalandacademiccourseswhichcoveralargenumberofsubjectsatvariouslevelsuptodegreelevel.Thelargest,theOpenPolytechnic,isNewZealand’sbiggesteducationprovider.EconomyAgricultureTheworldlargestfarmTherelationshipbetweenfarmer,landandnatureisadelicatebalanceOneofthefewcountrieswherefarmingisnotsubsidizedbystateNewZealandisaworldleaderinagriculturalresearchandadvisoryservices.Althoughpastoralfarmingremainsthemainlanduse,othercropsarebeingplanted.Majorexportincludekiwi-fruit,applesandpears,stone-fruit,onion,squash,flowersandberry-fruit.OlivesOatsAvocadosPersimmonForestry&FishingForestryandfishingconstitutenewnaturalresource-basedindustrieswithexcitingpotentialforfurtherdevelopment.Forestryproductsareimportantearnersofoverseasfunds.EnergyNewZealandislargelyself-sufficientinenergy.Fast-flowingrivergeothermalsteamnaturalgaswindmills,SolarpowerCoalcrudeoilrefinedpetrolfossilfuelsOverseaTradeNewZealandlivesbytrade.Fromearliesttimes,thelandhasformedthebackboneoftheexporteconomyOthernaturalresourceindustriesaregrowingrapidly.Foroveracentury,NewZealandwasdependentonanarrowrangeofagriculturecommoditiesandsingleexportmarket---GreatBritain.