Chapter 6, Simile, Metaphor, Symbolism

Chapter6,figurativelanguageWhatoftwasthought,butne’ersowellexpressed.AlexanderPopeChapter6,figurativelanguageFigurativelanguage,languageusingfiguresofspeech,isanespeciallyimportantresourceofmeanings,whichhelpsexpresswhatisotherthantheactualmeaningofthewords,orsomethingunspokenandunsaid.Rhetoricianshavecataloguedmorethan250differentfiguresofspeech.We,however,needtobeconcernednomorethan10figures.Allthesefiguresareusedtosayonethingandindicateanother.Chapter6,figurativelanguageTheyincludemetaphor,simile,personification,metonymy,synecdoche,symbol,imagery,hyperbole(overstatement),litotes(understatement),antithesis,etc.Chapter6,simileWhatissimile?Similereferstoanexplicitcomparisonbetweentwodifferentthingsindicatedbytheword“like”or“as”.Forexample:“Iwonderedlonelyasacloud”Literaltermfigurativeterm“I”(named)ascloud(named)Chapter6,Metaphor,Whatismetaphor?Whatisthefunctionofmetaphor?Metaphorisaliterarymethodusedbyawritertodenoteonekindofthingoractionbyreferringtoadistinctlydifferentthingoraction,withoutassertingacomparison.Itiscreatedwhenafigurativetermissubstitutefororidentifiedwiththeliteralterm.Theuseofmetaphoraimsformakingtheliteraryworksmorevividandfigurative.Chapter6,MetaphorForexample:“Myloveisared,redrose”“thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee:”LiteraltermfigurativetermsMylove(named)rose(named)Waves(named)danced(implied)They(implied)inglee(implied)Chapter6,PersonificationPersonificationconsistsingivingtheattitudesofhumanbeingtoananimal,anobject,oraconcept.Itisreallyasubtypeofmetaphor,animpliedcomparisoninwhichthefigurativetermofthecomparisonisalwaysahumanbeing.Forexample:“AtreewhosehungrymouthispressAgainsttheearth’ssweetflowingbreast;”Chapter6,Synecdoche,MetonymySynecdoche（提喻）referstotheuseofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart,forexampletreesforthewood,handsforthelaborers,orfruitforanapple.TakeJohnMilton’sParadiseLostasanexample.Metonymy（换喻，转喻）referstotheuseofsomethingcloselyrelatedforthethingactuallymeant.Forexample,thecrownstandsforaking,eyesforthesoul.“Theyflashuponthatinwardeye”Chapter6,SymbolSymbolcanroughlybedefinedasawordorphrasethatsignifiesanobject,andbeyondthisobject.Whenweread“myloveislikeared,redrose”,weknow“rose”referstolove,itisusedasasimile.Whenwereadtheline“shewasourqueen,ourrose,ourstar”,weknow“rose”isusedasametaphor,indicatingthebeautyofafemale.Butwhenweencounteraline“ORose,thouartsick.”Chapter6,SymbolWecouldnotfindanypairedsubjectlike“mylove”or“she”intheprevioustwoquotedlinestosuggestit’smeaning.Itisarose,yetitisobviouslysomethingmorethanrose.Itisasymbol.Chapter6,ImageryImageisapicturemadeoutofwords.Itisusedtosignifyalltheobjectsandqualitiesofsenseperceptionreferredtoinapoemorotherworkofliterature.Imagesignifiesfigurativelanguage,especiallythevehiclesofmetaphorsandsimiles.Imageisusedtomakepoetryconcrete,asopposedtoabstract.“Myloveisared,redrose.”metaphorisusedinthisline,yet“rose”isanimage.Chapter6,differenceThefollowingisthedifferencebetweensimile,metaphor,image,andsymbol.Asimileandametaphorreferstotheirfigurativemeaningonly;Animagemeansonlywhatitis.Asymbolfunctionsbothliteraryandfigurativelyatthesametime,whichlackstheapparentpairedsubject.Theimplicationofthesymbolissogeneralthatitmaysuggestagreatvarietyofspecificmeanings.Thisrichnessresultsfromitsimprecision.Chapter6,THEROADNOTTAKENTHEROADNOTTAKENRobertFrostTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Chapter6,THEROADNOTTAKENThentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,BecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwearThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame.Chapter6,THEROADNOTTAKENAndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.Chapter6,THEROADNOTTAKENIshellbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI-----Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.Chapter6,Simile,Metaphor,Symbolism,ImageryWhatdoestheroadindicate?Chapter6,IdiedforBeautyIdiedforBeauty---butwasscarceEmilyDickinsonIdiedforbeauty---butwasscarceAdjustedintheTombWhenOnewhodiedforTruth,waslainInanadjoiningRoom---Chapter6,IdiedforBeautyHequestionedsoftlyWhyIfailed?ForBeauty,Ireplied---AndI---forTruth---ThemselvesareOne---WeBrethren,are,Hesaid---(brethren:brothers)Chapter6,IdiedforBeautyAndso,asKinsmen,metaNight---WetalkedbetweentheRooms---UntiltheMosshadreachedourlips---Andcoveredup---ournames---Chapter6,TheSickRoseTheSickRoseWilliamBlakeOrose,thouartsick!TheinvisiblewormThatfliesinthenight,Inthehowlingstorm,Chapter6,TheSickRoseHasfoundoutthybedOfcrimsonjoy,AndhisdarksecretloveDoesthylifedestroy.Chapter6,TheSickRose“TheSickRose”maybeinterpretedasthedestructionofinnocentandpurelovebyphysicallove;ofinnocencebyexperience;ofhumanitybyevil;ofimaginationandjoybyanalyticreason;oflifebydeath;andsoon.Rosestandsforsomethingbeautiful,pure,innocent,valuable,desirable,orgood.Thewormreferstosomethingdestructive,co