Chapter 6工业工程专业英语 周跃进

Chapter6LogisticsEngineeringUnit1IntroductiontoLogisticsDefinitionofLogisticsTherearemanydifferentdefinitionsforlogisticsindifferentcountriesandperiods,andtheyhavealwayschangedwiththedevelopmentofsociety.Somedefinitionsaretypical.TheCouncilofLogisticsManagementdefinedthelogisticsin1992astheprocessofplanning,implementing,andcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofconformingtocustomerrequirements.AndthedefinitionfromtheMITCenterforTransportation&Logisticsisthatlogisticsinvolves“managingtheflowofitems,information,cashandideasthroughthecoordinationofsupplychainprocessesandthroughthestrategicadditionofplace,periodandpatternvalues.”Inpractice,theterms“logistics”and“supplychainmanagement”arenowusedinterchangeably.ActuallylogisticsandtheSupplyChainareequivalentterms,sotheInstituteofLogistics(1998)gavethefollowingdefinitions:“Logisticsisthetimerelatedpositioningofresourceorthestrategicmanagementofthetotalsupplychain.Thesupplychainisasequenceofeventsintendedtosatisfyacustomer.Itcanincludeprocurement,manufacture,distribution,andwastedisposal,togetherwithassociatedtransport,storageandinformationtechnology1.”Insomedevelopedcountries,theproductivityhadrisenandthetotalquantitiesofproductsbecamesaturationintheearly1990s,alsothereweremanyproductswhichcannotbedistributedbecauseofthecompetition.Itwasdifficulttodevelopthetechniqueaswell.Peoplehadtofindanewwaytosolvetheproblems.Theyintendtoexpandthemarketandreducethecostthroughtheimprovementofdistribution.Itwastheinitialconceptoflogistics.TheearliestconceptoflogisticscamefromArchW.Shaw’s«SomeProblemsinMarketDistribution»(1915).Theycalledit“PhysicalDistribution”(PD)atthattime.Thedefinitionfocusedmainlyonthedistribution.Inthelate1980speoplehavealreadyhadageneralanddeepcomprehensionaboutlogistics.PDasadefinitioncouldnotcharacterizethewholeframeoflogistics.Thelogisticsincludednotonlythephysicaldistributionbutalsoproductionlogistics,returnedlogistics,materialreuseandthecontentslikethat.LogisticsasasuitabledefinitionoccurredinsteadofPD.LogisticsEngineeringmeansthemanagementprocessofchoosingthebestschemeundertheguidanceoftheoriesaboutsystemengineeringandplanning,managing,controllingthesystemwithlowestcost,highefficiencyandgoodcustomerserviceforthepurposeofimprovingeconomyprofitsofthesocietyandenterprises2.Inthisdefinitionwealsointegratethelogisticsandtheflowofinformationasasystemandregardtheprocessofproducing,distribution,andconsumptionasawholeactivity.ContentsandCharacteristicsTheobjectofLogisticsengineeringistosolvetheproblemsinlogisticssystem:thefirsttaskistomakesystemplananddesignwiththetheoryoffacilitydesign;andthesecondoneistomanageandcontrollogisticssystemsoastoreducethecostandimprovetheefficiency.FacilityDesignFacilitydesignhasbeenoftenusedinindustrydepartmentsuchasfactoryincludinglayoutdesign,thesystemdesignofmaterialshandling,buildingdesign,informationsystemdesignandetc.LogisticsManagement1LogisticsSystemDesignInexternallogisticssystem,thedesignimpliesthedecisionsaboutspotsofthenetworksformaterialsdistribution.Butininternallogisticssystem,themaintargetistoimprovetheeconomyprofitsoftheproductionsystem.2Transportation/HandlingandStorageItcontains:1.Theresearchofproductionoptimization2.Theresearchofworkstationandwarehousingstorage3.Thework-in-process(WIP)productsmanagement4.Themethodsofplanningandorganizingthehandlingvehicles5.Theorganizingmethodsofinformationflowandthefunctioninlogistics3Handlingfacilities,ContainersandPackagedesignItcontains:ThestudyofwarehouseandhandlingfacilitiesThestudyofhandlingvehiclesandfacilitiesInthesecontents,peopleoftencallthefirsttwoasthe“SoftSystem”,andthelastone“HardSystem”.Thetraditionallogisticsisdefinedasthesimplepatternofmaterialsstorageandtransportation.Thepatternofmodernlogisticsbecomesmorecomplex.Itcanbecharacterizedby:1.Rapidlogisticsresponse;2.Serialservices;3.Normativeoperation;4.Systematizetargetandmodernizedmethods;5.Networkingorganization;6.Marketingbusiness;7.Electronicinformation.FunctionsofLogisticsSystems1.Membersinlogisticssystemshouldcollaboratewiththeactivepartnersandintegratetheserialactivitiesofsupplychaintoimprovethemanagementandstrengthentheintegratedservicecapability.2.Itishelpfulforbuildingtherapidresponsesystem.Thetimetoprepareandthecostwillbereducedandthesupplychainwillaccrue.Theenterprisewillbemorecompetitive.3.Agoodlogisticssystemcanreducetheleveloforganization,workoutthepersonalpotentialityoftheemployees,encouragetheteamspiritandmakesureofmaximizationofthecorporatecomprehensiveinterests3.Itcanalsoformtheactivecorporatecultureorientedbythecustomerdemandsandsupportedbythetechnologicalinnovation.SignificanceofLogisticsThetheoryoflogisticsengineeringisthestudyofanalyzing,designing,optimizingandcontrollingthelogisticssystemasawhole.Itutilizesthemethodsoftheindustrialengineeringandsystemengineering.Thestudyoflogisticsisofgreatimportanceintheproductionpractice.Itcancutbacktheappropriationoflabor,reducethe