医学常用英文术语

MedicalEnglish--terminology(术语)ZhangFan,AssociateProfessor张帆副教授HainanMedicalUniversity海南医学院SelfIntroductionBachelordegreeinClinicMedicine,XiangyaMedicalSchool,CSU;MasterdegreeinNutrition,King’sCollegeLondon,UniversityofLondonMDinNutrition,NutritionandHealthInstitute,ChinaCDCQuestions1.WhatdoesMedicalEnglishmeantoyou?2.Whydowehavetolearnit?3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenMedicalEnglishandPublicEnglish?ThedifficultiesinmedicalEnglishNewwordsLongsentencesbodyarticlesystemsorganstissuescellspartsparagraphssentenceswords1.OriginsofMedicalLanguageMedicalTermsGreek&LatinEponymsAcronymsModernlanguagearthritisParkinsondiseaselaser(lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation)NuclearMedicinescannerParkinsondiseasehepatitisSARSposttraumaticstressdisorderarthritisMenierediseasenuclearmedicinescannerAIDSAlzheimerdiseaseosteoporosisExerciseA.GreekorLatinB.EponymC.AcronymD.modernlanguageExamplevein→venovenofibrosisvenographyvenosclerosisvenovenostomy2.WordPartsProblem：medicaltermsaretoolong,whatcanwedo？venofibrosis=veno静脉+fibro纤维+sis状态（化）venography=veno静脉+graphy造影术venosclerosis=veno静脉+sclero硬+sis化venovenostomy=veno静脉+ven静脉+ostomy吻合术2.WordPartsExamplegastroduodenostomy——acommunicationbetweenthestomachandthefirstpartofthesmallintestine.Examplegastro=胃(stomach)duodenum=十二指肠anastomosis=吻合术gastro+duoden+ostomy=?1)combiningformInthelinguisticsofwordformation,acombiningformisabounddesignedtocombinewithanothercombiningformorafreeword.TherearehundredsofcombiningformsinEnglishandotherEuropeanlanguages.Astraditionallydefined,theycannotstandaloneasfreewords.E.g.,bio-graphy=biographyCombiningvowelInGreekandLatingrammar,combiningbasesusuallyrequireathematicorstem-formingvowel.Avowelusuallyfacilitatesthecombination:inbiography,theGreekthematicvowel-o-,inminiskirt,theLatinthematic-i-.Thisvowelisusuallyregardedasattachedtotheinitialbase(bio-,mini-)ratherthanthefinalbase(-graphy,-skirt).E.g.,auto-analysis,hydro-electricity2)WordFormation1.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword?a.urinaryb.skeletalc.gastrointestinald.coronarye.arterycompoundwordgastrointestinal胃+combiningvowel+肠道+suffix(adj.)2)WordFormation2.Theadjectiveforthorax胸is____a.thoraxicb.thoracicc.thorald.thoriale.thoraxial2)WordFormationTheadjectiveforthoraxisthoracicCaseStudyMultipleHealthProblems-SecondarytoInjuryCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryD.S.,a28-year-oldwoman,wastreatedforinjuriessustainedinatrainderailmentaccident.sustain-v.经受derailment-n.出轨cognitivederailment-认知错乱CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryDuringthecourseofhertreatment,shewasseenbyseveralspecialists专科医师.Forpaininherkneeandhipjoints,shewasreferred转诊toanorthopedist.Formigraineheadachesandblurry模糊vision,sheconsultedaneurologist.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryForpainonurination排尿andoccasionalbloodyurine,shesawaurologist.Later,forapersistentdrycoughandproblemsresultingfromafracturednose,shewasreferredtoanotorhinolaryngologist.Q1.The-istinthewordsisa:a.prefixb.rootc.suffixd.combiningforme.conjunctionCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryDuringherinitialcourseoftreatment,shehadaCTscanofherabdomen腹部andbrainandanMRIofherhipandknee.Q2.MRIstandsformagneticresonanceimaging.Thistermrepresentsa(n):a.combiningformb.acronymc.prefixd.suffixBothimagingstudiesrequiredhertoliemotionlessonherbackfor45minutes.Q3.Thispositionisreferredtoas:a.supineb.pronec.lateralrecumbentd.lithotomye.TrendelenburgCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryCaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjurySeveralmonthsaftertheaccident,D.S.wasstillexperiencingsomediscomfort,andshedecidedtoinvestigatealternativetherapies替代疗法.Shemadeanappointmentwithapractitionerwhospecializedinhomeopathy顺势疗法andherbalmedicine.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjuryBeforeherappointment,shebrowsedintheNutra-MedicaShop,whichcarriednutritionalsupplements营养补充剂,vitaminandmineralproducts,homeopathicremedies顺势治疗药,andherbalformulas方剂.CaseStudy:MultipleHealthProblemsSecondarytoInjurySheplannedtoaskthetherapistaboutsomeoftheproductsthatshesawthere,whichincludedremedieswiththetradenamesPneumogen,Arthogesia-Plus,Renovite,Nephrostat,andHematone.Q4.TheproductsRenoviteandNephrostatarenamedfortheiractiononthe:a.lungb.nervesc.liverd.hearte.kidneyPrefixExercise1anaboveect,exdifferentend,enlarge,enlargeheterwithout,nothomwithin,innerhyperouter,outhypobelowmegaroundmicrsameperismallCommonsuffixCommonsuffixTechniquesforlearningmedicaltermsbuiltfromwordpartsAnalyzingDefiningBuildingAnalyzingDividethetermintowordpartswithverticalslashes:“/”Labeleachwordpartbyusingtheabbreviations:WR,P,S,CVLabelthecombiningformsExercise21.hypodermic2.antiseptic3.dyskinesia4.periodontitisToanalyzethemedicalwordsExercise2RootRoot+SuffixPrefix+Root+SuffixdermdermichypodermicseptsepticantiseptickineskinesisdyskinesiaodontodontitisperiodontitisExercise3WORD1.anemia2.endocarditis3.homosexual4.hypodermic5.hypertension6.hepatitis7.AIDS8.arthritis9.osteoporosis10.gastrointestinalMEANING1.贫