城市最小生态用地与景观规划(北京生物多样性稿)97

Ph.D.Dissertation城市最小生态用地与景观规划TheMinimumEcologicalLanduseinCityandLandscapePlanning汇报人：张林波Prof.ZHANGLinbo2010.5Ph.D.Dissertation汇报内容Outline1.研究背景Background2.理论方法Methodology3.景观规划LandscapePlanningPh.D.Dissertation1.研究背景BackgroundPh.D.DissertationIn1994,Mr.Brownaskedacontroversialquestion.BackgroundDr.LesterR.BrownWorldWatchinstitute•WhowillfeedChina?Hisargumentwasmainlybasedonfollowingassumptions1.Ifcountriesbecomedenselypopulatedbeforetheyindustrialize,theyinevitablysufferaheavylossofcropland.2.Ifindustrializationisrapid,thelostofcroplandquicklyoverridestheriseinlandproductivity,leadingtoadeclineintheproductionofcropssuchasgrain.3.Thesameindustrializationdoesincreaseincomeandthedemandforgrain.Ph.D.DissertationToday,hispredictionseemstotallywrongbecauseChinaagriculturalproductivityincreasesteadily.BackgroundAnnualGrainOutputandChangesinChinaPh.D.DissertationHowever,dramaticlandtransformationdoeshappen,fromnotonlyarablelandbutalsoforest,grassland,wetlandandwatersurfaceintourbanlandBackground19792003LanduseChangeinPearlRiverDelta（NASA）Ph.D.DissertationInthefuture,rapidurbanizationwillexertmuchpressonecologicalconservation.Somanylocalauthoritiesarefacingtointractableissuetobalanceecologicalconservationwithurbandevelopment.BackgroundChinaUrbanpopulationgrowthandestimatedurbanlandexpansion01002003004005000100200300400500600700800900100019901995200020052030urbanpopulationurbanlandexpansionmillionTenthousandshm2Ph.D.Dissertation2.理论方法MethodologyPh.D.DissertationReferringtoReesandCostanza,ecologicalland(EL)isdefinedas“bio-productivelandwhichcanprovideecosystemservicesfunction”,includingDefinitionofEcologicalLandForestlandCroplandGrasslandWetlandWaterbody…Ph.D.DissertationEcologicalLandisafunctionofecosystemservices,landscapepatternandSpatialHeterogeneity.AffectingfactorsofELBiomeTotalvalueperha($ha-1yr-1)Forest969Grass/rangelands232Wetlands14,785Lakes/rivers8,498Desert0Tundra0Ice/rock0Cropland92Urban0AverageGlobalValueofAnnualTerrestrialEcosystemServices(fromConstanza)WetlandWatersurfaceForestGrasslandCroplandPh.D.DissertationEcosystemservicesisrelatednotonlytolandusetype,butalsotolandscapepattern.AffectingfactorsofELEcosystemfunctionisheterogeneousspatiallybecauseofthespatialheterogeneityofphysicalandbiologicalfactors..Ph.D.DissertationSpatialModelofELEL=f(ES,LP,HE)ES:Ecosystemservices;LP:Landscapepattern;EH:EcologicalHeterogeneityEcologicalLandshouldbedeterminedbyintegratedsignificanceofecosystemservices,landscapepatternandSpatialHeterogeneity.Ph.D.DissertationSpatialModelofELEcosystemServices=Lw*EvLw:Landuseweightofecosystemservices;Ev:Ecologicalvigor;LanduseweighofecosystemservicesLanduseweightForestland1Shrubberyland0.6Shrub-grassland0.3Grassland0.2river1Wetland1Pond0.4Cropland1Urbanland0Others0Ev=∑NDVI/（n*area）Ph.D.DissertationSpatialModelofELLandscapepattern=Pa:Patcharea;Di:Distancetolargepatch;Do:Ecologicaldominance;Pa*Di*Do较大范围的干扰（如火灾或洪水）时间恢复较大范围的干扰（如火灾或洪水）种群不能持续种群能够持续较大范围的干扰（如火灾或洪水）时间恢复较大范围的干扰（如火灾或洪水）种群不能持续种群能够持续Ph.D.DissertationSpatialModelofELEcologicalHeterogeneity=f(Se,Bi,Wr)SoilClassificationSlopeSensitivityofSoillossSe:Soilerosionconservation,USLE;A=RKLSCPPh.D.DissertationBi:KeyregionofBiodiversity深圳珍稀濒危保护植物及其分布种名濒危程度保护级别在深圳的分布海拔（m）挱椤Alsophilaspinulosa渐危Ⅴ一级塘朗山、梧桐山、田头山100－300穗花杉Amentotaxusargotoenia渐危Ⅴ三级七娘山500－850毛茶Antirhoachiaensis渐危Ⅴ二级梧桐山、七娘山10－850土沉香Aquilariasinensis渐危Ⅴ三级深圳各地次生林20－700舌柱麻Archiboehmeriaatrata稀有R三级七娘山300－500白桂木Artocarpushypargyrrus渐危Ⅴ三级深圳各地次生林10－400苏铁蕨Braincainsignis渐危Ⅴ二级七娘山、塘朗山、梧桐山100－600大苞白山Camelliagranthamiana濒危E二级梧桐山、七娘山700普洱茶C.sinensisvar.assamica渐危Ⅴ二级梧桐山、七娘山200－700吊皮锥Casianopsiskawakamii渐危Ⅴ三级七娘山500－600水蕨Ceratopieristhalictroides渐危Ⅴ二级龙岗南澳半天云10－150蚌壳蕨Cibotiumbaromeis渐危Ⅴ二级深圳各地50－800樟树Cinnamomumcamphora渐危Ⅴ二级深圳各地风水林5－200仙湖苏铁Cycasfairylakea濒危E一级塘朗山30－400野龙眼Dimocarpuslongan渐危Ⅴ二级七娘山50－500珊瑚菜Glehnialinoralis渐危Ⅴ三级南澳沙岗一带海边1－8大黑挱Gymnasphaeraiganthea渐危Ⅴ二级田头山200－300黑挱椤G.podophylla渐危Ⅴ二级七娘山、田头山100－600粘木lxonansheschinensis渐危Ⅴ二级七娘山、塘朗山、梧桐山200－600乌檀Naucleaofficinalis稀有R省级保护南澳高岭200E＝Endangered；R＝Rare，V=Vulnerable豹猫蟒蛇穿山甲大灵猫EcologicalHeterogeneity=f(Se,Bi,Wr)Ph.D.Dissertation铁岗水库汇水区石岩水库汇水区西丽水库汇水区罗田水库汇水区深圳水库汇水区梅林水库汇水区清林径水库汇水区松子坑水库汇水区WatershedsimulationbySWATmodelEcologicalHeterogeneity=f(Se,Bi,Wr)Wr:Waterretention;Ph.D.DissertationTechnicalFlowofELAnalysisLwEvPaDiD0BiSeWrGIS-basedSpatialModelMUEL=f(LwEv,PaDiD0,SeBiWr)SpatialSignificanceofEcologicalLandScenarioAnalysisDistributionandRangeofMUELEcosystemserviceLandscapepatternEcologicalHeterogeneityPh.D.Dissertation3.景观规划LandscapePlanningPh.D.DissertationHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH^.新疆西藏青海甘肃内蒙古黑龙江吉林辽宁北京深圳山东江苏山西河北河南陕西湖北成都云南贵州广西广东湖南江西福建安徽浙江台湾海南重庆昆明台北银川郑州西宁西安武汉天津太原沈阳上海南宁南京南昌拉萨兰州济南合肥杭州海口贵阳广州福州成都长沙长春石家庄哈尔滨乌鲁木齐呼和浩特香港70°0'0E60°0'0E50°0'0E80°0'0E80°0'0E90°0'0E90°0'0E100°0'0E100°0'0E110°0'0E110°0'0E120°0'0E120°0'0E130°0'0E130°0'0E140°0'0E150°0'0E10°0'0N20°0'0N20°0'0N30°0'0N30°0'0N40°0'0N40°0'0N50°0'0N10°0'0N70°0'0E140°0'0E150°0'0E深圳市110°0'E110°0'E112°0'E112°0'E114°0'E114°0'E116°0'E116°0'E20°0'N20°0'N22°0'N22°0'N24°0'N24°0'N26°0'N26°