09 科研方法与论文写作-M&M

卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）TheDepartmentofEcology&EvolutionaryBiology,FudanUniversityBao-RongLuScientificMethodology&ScientificPaperWriting科学研究方法与论文写作卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）四、研究材料与方法的选用和表述HowtowriteMaterials&Methods卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）HowtowriteMaterials&MethodsThegreatestinventionofthe19thcenturywastheinventionofthemethodofinvention--A.N.Whitehead卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）Anroadmapof“Introduction”ProblemsResultReviewMethodConclusion卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）StructureofapaperTitle&…IntroductionMaterials&methodsResultsDiscussion卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）Materials&MethodsInIntroductionyoustatedthemethodologyemployedinthestudyandthereasonItisnowthetimetodescribeinfulldetailsoftheM&MMostofthissectionshouldbewritteninpasttense卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）PurposeoftheM&MThemainpurposeisto:DescribetheexperimentaldesignincludingM&MProvideenoughdetailssothatthecompetentreaderscanfollowtheexperimentProvideabasisforrepetitionoftheexperimentbyotherstotestthevalidityoftheresults卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）IfthereisseriousdoubtthatyourexperimentcouldnotberepeatedThereviewerwillrecommendrejectionofyourMSNomatterhowwonderfulyourfindingsareAgoodreviewerwillreadtheM&Mcarefully卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）MaterialsFieldmaterialsExperimental(Lab)materialsChemicalsMechanicparts卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）MaterialsFieldmaterials:Nameoforganisms(plants,animalsµbes)Describe:Sites,habitats,geographicalinformationofcollections卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）MaterialsExperimentalmaterials:ChemicalsDescribeexacttechnicalspecification,quantityandsourceofpreparationAvoidtheuseoftradenames,trytousegenericorchemicalnamesMechanicpartsOnlytheimportantones卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）DescribeMingreatcareExperimentalanimals,plants,µ-organismsshouldbeidentifiedaccurately,bygenus,species,andstrainsSourcesshouldbelistedSpecialcharacteristics(age,sex,geneticstatus)shouldbedescribedThecriteriaforselectionshouldbedescribed卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）Table1.WheatvarietiesincludedinthisstudySpeciesVarietiesSourceCrossabilityTriticumChineseChina,YNMhighaestivumspringTriticumJ-11China,SCHighaestivumTriticumTurke-1Turkey,ITLowturgidumTriticumIsrael-200Israel,HDLowmonococcum卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）MethodsTheobjectiveofMethodsistodescribewhatyoudidinthedesignofyourexperimentTheusualorderofpresentationofMethodsischronologicalSometimesthechronologicalordercannotbefollowedRelatedmethodshouldbedescribedtogether卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）Measurements&procedures:describeHOW?HOWMUCH?Newmethod:allthedetailsPublishedmethod:minimumdescription,referenceConsiderWHEREwasitpublished卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）HeadingsinM&MUsuallytheM&MsectionhassubheadingsWhenpossible,constructsubheadingsthat“match”thosetobeusedinResultsTheinternalconsistencymakesthetwosectioneasiertowriteReaderswillbeabletograsptherelationshipofaparticularmethodtotherelatedresults卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）More…tobenotedMeasurementsandanalysis(e.g.statistical)NeedforreferencesHowtowritenumbersCorrectorderofwords:e.g.Havingcompletedthestudy,theweedsareofnofurtherinterest卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）Moreabouttense…IntroductionM&MResultsDiscussion卢宝荣2006-7（山东大学版）MaterialsandmethodsII.DNAextractionDNAfrom……III.PCRandelectrophoresisTheextractedDNAsamples……IV.DataanalysisAllthecollecteddatawereanalyzedusing……I.PlantMaterialsTwenty-twoaccessionsof……