中国文化英语教程Unit-15

Lead-inTextstudyExercisesUnit15FlyingStrokesofCalligraphyLead-inCanyoutelltheEnglishnameofthefollowingcalligraphy?StandardScript(楷书)RunningScript(行书)CursiveScript(草书)IntroductionRhythmofCalligraphyWangXizhiandPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollection“HiddenStyle”oftheYanScriptTextstudyIntroduction•TheEnglishword“Calligraphy”isunabletocoveralltheconnotationsoftheartofChinesewriting.•TwofactorscontributedtotheevolutionofChinesecalligraphy:1)thesquare-shapedpictographiccharacters—whosebeautifulformsprovidedpreliminaryconditionsfortheartofcalligraphy;2)thewritingbrush—animportantinventioninthehistoryofChinesecultureandthebasisforcalligraphytogerminate(形成)anddevelop.IntroductionThebrushisthetraditionalwritingimplementinChinesecalligraphy.Thebodyofthebrushcanbemadefromeitherbamboo,orrarermaterialssuchasredsandalwood,glass,ivory,silver,andgold.Theheadofthebrushcanbemadefromthehair(orfeathers)ofawidevarietyofanimals.IntroductionCalligraphybrushesfeelsoft,supple(柔软的),andareelasticandhighlyductile(韧性的),pavingthewayfortheemergenceoftheartofcalligraphy.RhythmofCalligraphy•Calligraphyistheartoflines,orstrokes.•Adancercanobtaingreatwisdomfromcalligraphy,whileanancientcalligraphercanbeinspiredbydance.•Thereissomecommonelementthatcalligraphyanddanceshare,whichisnoneotherthantheirinternalvitalenergybetweenthelines,thesoulofcalligraphyaswellasthesoulofdance.LinHuaimin(林怀民),afamousdancerfromChina‘sTaiwanIslandanddirectoroftheCloudGateDancingTroupe,oncechoreographed(设计舞蹈动作)acollectivedancenamed“Running-CursiveScript(行草)”,whichgainedhimworldwidefame.HisinspirationscamefromChinesecalligraphy,anddancingenlivenedthespiritoftheartofwriting.RhythmofCalligraphyRhythmofCalligraphyIntheTangDynasty,themastercalligrapherZhangXu(张旭)becameabsorbedrunning-cursivescriptbutmadelittleprogress.Oneday,onthestreetsofthecapitalChang‘an,hesawacrowdofpeoplegatheringtoenjoyaperformancebyLadyGongsun(公孙大娘),afamousdancerofthetime.Shewasperformingasworddance,hersupplebodyandflyingrobemixingwiththemovementsoftheswordupanddown.ZhangXuwasenchanted(迷住),anditwasthroughthisperformancethathediscoveredthegenuinebeautyofcalligraphyandmaderapidprogressinhisprofession.RhythmofCalligraphyRhythmofCalligraphyZhangXuwasaChinesecalligrapheroftheTangDynasty.AnativeofSuzhou,hebecameanofficialduringthereignofEmperorXuanzongofTang.Legendhasitthatwheneverhewasdrunk,hewouldusehishairasbrushtoperformhisart,anduponhiswakingup,hewouldbeamazedbythequalityofthoseworksbutfailedtoproducethemagaininhissoberstate.RhythmofCalligraphyRhythmofCalligraphyRunning-cursivescript:•Theone-strokecharacterinChinesecalligraphyreferstosuchaninternallineofenergy.•Aone-strokecharacteractuallymeansacharacterwrittenwithstrokesatonego,ratherthanimplyingonlyonesinglestroke.•Thestrokesmaynotlookconnectedontheexteriorbutarecloselyrelatedintheinterior.Withoutinteriorlinkage,acharacterlacksvigorandvitality.RhythmofCalligraphyOne-strokecharacterRhythmofCalligraphyWangXianzhi(王献之)wastheseventhandyoungestsonofthefamedWangXizhi(王羲之).Wanginheritedhisfather’stalentfortheart.Hisstyleismorefluidthanhisfather's.Amongsthisinnovationsistheone-strokecursivescript,whichblendsallcharactersinthewritinginasinglestroke.UntiltheTangDynastyhisinfluenceandreputationrivaledandevensurpassedthatofhisfather.•Theone-strokecharacterwasfirstadvocatedbyWangXianzhi(344-386).RhythmofCalligraphy《中秋帖》王献之Mid-AutumnbyWangXianzhiRhythmofCalligraphy《鸭头丸帖》王献之YatouWanbyWangXianzhiPeoplesetgreatvalueonWangXizhi’scalligraphicworks.Theylikenhishandwritingtoa“frolicking(嬉戏的)dragon,vigorous,yetrefinedandelegant.HisPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollection,knownasagem(精品)ofChinesecalligraphy,wasthemostrepresentativeofhisstyle.WangXizhiandPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollection•Asfatherandson,WangXizhiandWangXianzhihavebeenknownasthe“twoWangs”.•TheirworksuniversallyrecognizedasthepeakofChinesecalligraphy.WangXizhiwasaChinesecalligraphertraditionallyreferredtoastheSageofCalligraphy,wholivedduringtheJinDynasty(265–420).HeisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthemostesteemedChinesecalligraphersofalltime,especiallyduringandaftertheTangDynasty,andamasterofallformsofChinesecalligraphy,especiallytherunningscript.WangXizhiandPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollection《兰亭集序》王羲之PrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollectionbyWangXizhiWangXizhiandPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollection•Thiscalligraphicmasterpiecehasbeenwidelyextolled(赞美)bycalligraphersthroughouttheages,foritsdynamicsignificanceandextraordinarygrace.•However,allthatremainsextant(尚存)todayarefacsimiles(摹本)oftheoriginal—saidtohavebeenburiedinthetombofEmperorTaizongoftheTangDynasty,sincehewassofondofit.•Latergenerationswerethusbereft(失去的)ofthechancetoenjoythegenuinework.However,people'sappreciationofithasnonethelessnotbeenreduced.Infact,ithasnurturedgenerationsofcalligraphers.PrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollectionWangXizhiandPrefacetotheLantingPavilionCollectionBeinghiddenmeansthebeginningandendofeachstrokearesmooth,withoutanytraceofsharpandoverpoweringbrushwork.“HiddenStyle”oftheYanScriptWhatdoesthe“hiddenstyle”mean?TheChinesepeop