第五讲被动语态的翻译

第五讲被动语态的翻译Ⅰ.ThePassiveVoiceinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英汉翻译中的被动语态•1、ConvertingthePassiveVoiceintotheActiveVoice•1)TheOriginalSubjectUnchanged•Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays.•几天之内全国武装起来了。•Everymomentofeveryday,energyisbeingtransformedfromoneformintoanother.•每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。•2)ChangingOriginalObjectintoSubject•Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.•大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。•Communicationssatellitesareusedforinternationallivetransmissionthroughouttheworld.•全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。•3)ChangingthePassiveintothePredicativeVerb“是”•ThepicturewaspaintedbyProfessorSmith.•这幅画是史密斯教授画的。•Thehousewasbuiltofwoodin1985.•这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。•4)AddingaProperSubjecttoMaketheChineseVersionSmooth•Toexplorethemoon’ssurface,rocketswerelaunchedagainandagain.•为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。•Itiswellknownthatsmokingisharmfultothehealth.•众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。2、ConvertingthePassiveStructureintoaSubjectlessSentence•Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputtoanend.•必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。•Attentionhasbeenpaidtothenewmeasurestopreventcorrosion.•已经注意到采取防腐新措施。3、KeepingthePassiveStructureUnchanged•1)RenderingintoChinesebyUsing“被…or给…”•Iftheschemeisapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.•如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即动工。•Attheendofthemonthhewasfiredforincompetence.•月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇了。•2)RenderingintoChinesebyUsing“遭…”or“受…”•Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.•我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。•3)RenderingintoChinesebyUsing“为…所”•Allthebuildingsweredestroyedinabigfire.•所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。4、ThePassiveVoiceReplacedbyOtherStructures•Thevillageispopulatedbyabout13,000farmers.•这个村子里住着大约13000农民。•Shewasdeliveredofaboy.•她生了一个男孩。•Sheandherhusbandhavebeenaskedoutforthebanquet.•她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。•1、ChineseSentenceswithPassiveLabels•被、受、道、给、让、挨、叫、为所、加以、予以…”•他被选为校学生会主席。•HewaselectedChairmanoftheStudents’Unionofthisuniversity.•她深受大家的尊敬。•Sheisgreatlyrespectedbyeveryone.•老太太被风吹病了。•Theoldladyfellillbecauseofthedraught.•天太冷，水管都给冻住了。•Itwassocoldthatthewaterpipesfroze.Ⅱ.ThePassiveStructureinChinese-EnglishTranslation汉英翻译中的被动结构•2、ChineseSentenceswithoutPassiveLabels•这座桥将在今年年底建成。•Theconstructionofthebridgewillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.•这个问题正在研究。•Theproblemisnowbeingstudied.•来宾请出示人场券。•Visitorsarerequestedtoshowtheirtickets.•3、ConvertingChineseActiveStructures•intoEnglishPassiveStructures•中美己经建立了外交关系。•DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.•口试时，问了10个问题，她全都答对了。•Shewasaskedtenquestionsintheoralexaminationandansweredeveryoneofthemcorrectly.•他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。•Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.•4、TranslationofSomeIdiomaticChineseExpressions•“Itbe+adj.(p.p.)+thatclause“•众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。•Itiswell-knownthatgunpowderisoneofthefourgreatinventionsoftheancientChinesepeople.•据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。•Itisrumoredthattheaccidentwasduetonegligence.•应该说，情况基本上是健康的。•Itshouldbesaidthatthesituationisbasicallysound.•必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。•Itmustbepointedoutthatsomequestionshaveyettobeclarified.Practice•CulturalChinacanbedefinedas…•文化中国的概念是……•TheOlympicSpiritischaracterizedby…•奥林匹克精神的特征是……•Therelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieswascharacterizedbymutualunderstanding.•两国关系的特点是相互谅解。Practice•Largequantitiesoffuelareusedbymodernindustry.•现代工业耗用大量燃料。•Yourcarwastowedawaybyatowingtruck.•拖车把你的汽车拉走了。•Thebookmustbereturnedimmediately.•必须立即还书。•Thisinstrumentmustbehandledwithgreatcare.•必须仔细操作仪器。Practice•Thenextday,agovernmentwasorganized.•次日政府成立。•DuringtheWorldCup,thestreetswerefilledwithfootballfans.•世界杯比赛期间，街上挤满了球迷。•Thelittleplaywassprinkledwithhumorandlocaldialect.•这个短剧使用了本地方言，幽默风趣。Practice•Ifyouareaskedpersonalquestionsyouneednotanswerthem.•如果有人向你提出私事的问题，你尽可不回答。•Shehadn’tbeentoldBetty’slastname,orshe’dforgottenit.•人家没告诉她贝蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。•Itiswell-knownthatmatteriscomposedofatoms.•众所周知，物质是由原子组成的。Practice•Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.•彩虹是由阳光透过天空中的小水滴时形成的。•ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstusedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.•美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。•Chinahasrepeatedlybeeninvaded.•中国多次遭受侵略。Practice•Thosewhoperformdeedsofmeritwillberewarded.•立功的人将受到奖励。•Thedesignwillbeexaminedbyaspecialcommittee.•这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。•Allthemachinesintheworkshoparecontrolledbycomputers.•车间里所有的机器都是电脑控制的。