2 .the_attributive_clause

TheAttributiveClause定语从句(adjectiveclauserelativeclauses)ThekindsoftheAttribute:1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.1.TheAttribute(定语):(修饰,限定名词，代词)ThepositionoftheAttribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.(1.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，2.短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。)HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词(关联词/连接词)ThestructureoftheAttributiveClause:在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。2.Attributiveclause定语从句:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词归纳总结1.Thefruits_____areredaredelicious.A./B.whoC.thatDwhich2.Thechildren____wedon’tknowareforeigners.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.／3.Ienjoythesong_____Iheardjustnow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.／限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.1.非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开；非限定性定语从句只对主句起补充或说明的作用；从句部分去掉后，句意完整，表达清楚。2.限定性定语从句与先行词关系密切，紧跟在先行词之后，对它有限制作用，如果去掉，句意表达不清；1.Heismybrother,whoisadoctor.我有一个兄弟，他是医生。（只有一个兄弟）2.Heismybrotherwhoisadoctor.我有一个当医生的兄弟。（至少有两个以上）1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it2.Iwalkedinourgarden,_____TomandJimweretryingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that3.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcenter,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that走出误区:并不是只有which才能引导非限定从(如题2),where,when,whowhom,whose,as等都可引导.而what是不能引导定语从句的,它是用来引导名词性从句的.关系代词关系代词在下列情况中可以省略。1.关系代词在从句中担任动词的宾语时。Thepeople(who/whom/that)wemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous.在晚会上见到的人对我们很友好。2.关系代词在从句中做介词的宾语，而介词在句末时。Hereistheman(that/who/whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.你一直在找的那个人来了。注意：只有在限制性定语从句中才可以省略关系代词，非限制性定语从句中不能省略。3.关系代词在从句中做表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecity(that/which)itusedtobe.上海再也不是过去的上海了。4.在therebe句型中，或先行词为way时，关系代词总是省略。Thereisanoldman(who)wantstomeetyou.这儿有一位老人要见你。Idon’tliketheway(that)youtalktoothers.我不喜欢你和别人谈话的那种方式。一.关系代词who/whom的用法1.1）Who指代人，可以做主语也能做宾语。2）who不能用在介词后2.1）whom指代人，只能做宾语。2）whom可以用在介词后介词+whom如果先行词是拟人化的动物，也可以用who/whom.Sheisthegirlwhom/whoIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith_________Iwentthere.她就是和我一起去那的那个女孩。whomwho,that的用法区别当先行词是人的时候，who和that在许多情况下可以通用，下列情况宜用who而不用that1).当先行词是one,ones,anyone时，宜用who。Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。2).当先行词是those时，宜用who.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.凡是想去长城的人在这签名。3).在therebe开头的句子中，宜用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.有位老人想见你。二、关系代词that,which的用法1.that1）that既可以代人，也可以代物。2）that不能用在介词的后面，3）that不能在非限制性定语从句中。2.Which1)只能代物2）可以用在介词后介词+which3)可以用在非限制性定语从句中Mike’sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.麦克的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。（非限制性定语从句，指代物，只能用which.）当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。（1）☆当先行词是不定代词all,little,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.☆当先行词前面用only,any,few,little,no,all,very等修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.Theonlythingthatyoucandoistogiveyousomemoney.注意，当all,any和afew指人时，后面必须用who:Godblessthisshipandallwhosailinher.上帝保佑这条船和所有乘此船的人吧。当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。（2）☆当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高级时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen?☆当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。ThetrainisthelastthatwillgototheSuzhou.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?当先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。（3）☆当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?☆当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?☆有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。Theybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.☆先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfind.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.itthat,which,whomorwho?1.Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttosay?2.Anyperson_______hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.3.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.4.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.5.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.thatthatwhichwhichwhom在下列情况中用which而不用that1.在非限制性定语从句中，只宜用which,不宜用that.Beijing,__________isthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.北京是中国的首都，它是一座非常美丽的城市。2.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which,不能用that.介词+whichThisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.Thisisthehotelin_______youwillstay.3.有两个定语从句时，其中一句的关系词是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary_________wasnewlyopentous.让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。whichwhichwhich4.先行词为that，those，而且是指物时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunder