操作系统英文试卷

6.______P2P______doesnotdistinguishclientsandservers,servicesprovidedbyseveralnodesdistributedthroughoutthenetwork.7.Bootstrapprogramisaninitialprogramtorun.Itisloadedatpower-uporrebootandtypicallystoredinROMorEEPROM,generallyknownasfirmware.8.DevicecontrollerinformsCPUthatithasfinisheditsoperationbycausingan_____interrupt_____.9.Single-threadedprocesshasone__programcounter__specifyinglocationofnextinstructiontoexecute.10.A___trap______isasoftware-generatedinterruptcausedeitherbyanerrororauserrequest.11.___OS_______managesthecomputerHWaswellasprovidinganenvironmentforapplicationprogramstorun.It’stheinterfacetothecomputersystemprovidestothehumanuser.12.Acomputersystemcanbedividedroughlyintofourcomponents:hardware,Operatingsystem,applicationprogramanduser.13.Dual-mode(___usermode__and____kernelmode__)operationallowsOStoprotectitselfandothersystemcomponents.14.Theoperatingsystemisresponsibleforthefollowingactivitiesinconnectionwithprocessmanagement:-Creatinganddeletingbothuserandsystemprocesses.-Suspendingandresumingprocesses.-Providingmechanismsforprocess__synchronization__,communicationanddeadlockhandling.15.OSactivitiesinconnectionwithfilemanagementinclude-Creatinganddeleting____files___and__directories_.-Supportingprimitivestomanipulate__答案同上___and__答案同上___.-Mappingfilesontosecondarystorage.-Backupfilesontostable(non-volatile)storagemedia.1.Whatisthemainadvantageoflayerapproachtosystem?Ans：1.easiertomodulardesign2.easiertodebugandmodify2.Whatisthepurposeofsystemcalls?Ans：Systemcallsallowuser-levelprocessestorequestservicesoftheoperationsystem3.Whatisthepurposeofthecommandinterpreter?Ans：Interfacebetweenuserprogramandoperationsystem.Itreadscommandsformafileofcommandsandexecutethem,usuallybeturningthemintooneormoresystemcalls.Itisusuallynotpartofthekernelsincethecommandinterpreterissubjecttochange.4.WhatisthemainadvantageofVirtualMachine?Ans：1.Thevirtual-machineconceptprovidescompleteprotectionofsystemresources.2.Avirtual-machinesystemisaperfectvehicleforoperating-systemsresearchanddevelopment5.Whatistheseparationofpolicyformmechanismanimportantprincipleinsystemimplementation?Ans：Theseparationofpolicyandmechanismisimportantforflexibility.Policy:Whatwillbedone?Mechanism:Howtodoit?6.Listfivetypesofsystemcalls?Ans：1.Processcontrol2.Filemanagement3.Devicemanagement4.Informationmaintenance5.Communications7.ListatleastfiveserviceprovidebyanOperationSystemthataredesignedtomakeitmoreconvenientforusertousethecomputersystem.Ans：1.Userinterface2.Programexecution3.I/Ooperations4.File-systemmanipulation5.Communications6.Errordetection8.Whatarethetwomodelofinter-processcommunication?Ans：1.Sharedmemory2.Messagepassing9.ThreegeneralmethodsusedtopassparameterstotheOS?Ans：1.Simplest:passtheparametersinregisters2.Parametersstoredinablock,ortable,inmemory,andaddressofblockpassedasaparameterinaregister3.Parametersplaced,orpushed,ontothestackbytheprogramandpoppedoffthestackbytheoperatingsystem10.Almostalloperatingsystemshaveauserinterface,listatleast2typesofuserinterface.Ans：1.Command-Line(CLI)2.GraphicsUserInterface(GUI)3.Batchinterface5.Aprocessisaprograminexecution.Theprocessinmemoryconsistsof_textsection_,__datasection__,__heap__and_stack__.6.Processcontrolblockcontainsmanyinformationassociatedwithaspecificprocess,including_processstate_,_programcounter_,_cpuregisters_,_cpuschedulinginformation_,_memorymanagementinformation_,_accountinginformation_and_I/Ostatusinformation_.7.Therearefourreasonsforprovidinganenvironmentthatallowsprocesscooperation:_informationsharing_,_computationspeedup,_modularity_and_convenience_.8.Asocketisdefinedasanendpointforcommunication.Asocketisidentifiedbyan_IPaddress_concatenatedwitha_portnumber_.9.Communicationinclient–serversystemsmayuse_sockets_,_remoteprocedurecalls(RPCs)_or_Java’sremotemethodinvocation(RMI)_.(RMI)_.5.Whatarethebenefitsofusingmultithreading:responsiveness,resourcesharing,economy,andutilizationofMPArchitectures.6.Therearethreekindofrelationshipbetweenuserthreadsandkernelthreads:many-to-onemodel,one-to-onemodel,andmany-to-manymodel.7.Userthreadsaresupportedabovethekernelandaremanagedwithoutkernelsupport,whereaskernelthreadsaresupportedandmanageddirectlybytheoperatingsystem.8.Threadcancellationisthetaskofterminatingathreadbeforeithascompleted.9.Cancellationofatargetthreadmayoccurintwodifferentscenarios:asynchronouscancellationanddeferredcancellation.10.Therearethreemainthreadlibraries:Pthreads,win32andjava.11.Whenasignalisgeneratedbyaneventexternaltoarunningprocess,thatprocessreceivesthesignalasynchronously.Everysignalmaybehandledbyoneoftwopossiblehandlers:defaultsignalhandleranduser-definedsignalhandler.12.Theregisterset,stacks,andprivatestorageareaareknownasthecontextoftheThreads.1.Name5performancecriteriathathavebeensuggestedforcomparingCPU-schedulealgorithms.(10%)Ans：1.waitingtime2.turnaroundtime3.responsetime4.CPUutilization5.throughput2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenaprogramandaprocess?(10%)Ans：Programisa“Passive”entity,likeafilestoredindisk.Processisan“Active”entity,withaprog