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——议论文Pre-learningCheckingHowtofindthetopicsentences?Trytodrawaconclusionbasedonthepre-learningmaterials演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开句，随之辅加细说。1.给予例证、解释或说明的段落，首句后常见词：forexample，take…asanexample2.下定义的段落；that’stosay;tobeexact段首是主题句：1.阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落2.旨在说服读者相信其论点的段落用归纳法撰写，先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性句子收尾。常见词：asaresult;inaword,toconclude,infact,therefore等段尾是主题句：1.引题或例证——主题思想——解释或进一步给予例证。2.段意转折，一般作者往往把中心意思放于转折后。常见词：however,but,onthecontrary,nevertheless，instead等3.出现于过渡句或疑问句之后。段中主题句：Inthepastalotofpeoplewerereluctanttoshoponline.ManywereworriedaboutthesecurityofenteringtheircarddetailsontheInternetandthereliabilityoftheInternet.Butwithshoppingonlinebecomingmorewidespread,ithasn’tsloweddowntheincreasingnumbersofonlineshoppers.AstheBBCreports,averagespendingonlinethisChristmasinAmericawillriseto$240orso.A.Inthepastalotofpeoplewerereluctanttoshoponline.B.ManywereworriedaboutthesecurityofenteringtheircarddetailsontheInternetandthereliabilityoftheInternet.C.Butwithshoppingonlinebecomingmorewidespread,ithasn’tsloweddowntheincreasingnumbersofonlineshoppers.D.AstheBBCreports,averagespendingonlinethisChristmasinAmericawillriseto$240orso.FurtherConsolidationArgumentation(议论文)Toinformorexplainanopinionbyprovidingmaterials.TaskPresentationHowtosummaryanargumentation?TheStructureofArgumentationOpinionsSupportingideasConclusionReading1.Underlinethetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.2.Clarifythestructureofthepassageaccordingtothetopicsentences.Bytoday’sstandards,mymobilephoneisprettyrubbish.It’saNokia1616,asmall,notveryheavydevicewithwhichyoucansendandreceivecallsandmessages.Exceptthat,myphonedoesn’tdomuch.It’snothingcomparedtoasmartphone.WhywouldIwantoneofthose?Ihaveoftenbeentoldthatthebigadvantageofhavingasmartphoneisthat:“Youcandoeverythingwiththem!”Okay,theymayhaveendlessfunctions,butgenerallytheyarejustusedforcheckingsocialnetworkingsites,playinggames,andreceivingandreplyingtoemailswhichcanbeperformedwellbymylaptop.AsfarasIcantell,thebestthingabouthavingansmartphoneisthatyoucanbeconnectedtotheInternetallthetime.IlovetheInternet,butIjustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonline.Iwouldthinkthatifsomeoneneededmeurgently,theywouldjustringmeratherthansendanemail.Onetypicaleffectofthesmartphoneis,inmyopinion,theaddictiontomapsandnavigations(导航)system.Isthereanythingmoreboringthanknowingexactlywhereyouareallofthetime?Howdoyougettoknowanareaifyoudon’tgetlostthereafewtimes?Itistruethatwealloccasionallyneedtobepointedintherightdirection,butwecanexperiencemuchmoreifturningtothereallifehumans.Therearemanybenefitsofhavingaverybasicmobilephone,likethefactthatitcostmeabouttwentypounds,andthatIdon’thavetoworrytoomuchaboutitbeingstolen.Butthemainbenefithastobethefactthatitprovidesmewiththeworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.Whetherit’sturninguplatetoevents,orforgettingaboutanappointmentatwork,I’mcoveredwith:“I’msorry.Idon’thaveasmartphone.”TopicSentencesPara.1WhywouldIwantoneofthose?Para.2Generallytheyarejustusedforcheckingsocial……whichcanbeperformedwellbymylaptop.Para.3Ijustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonlinePara.4Itistruethat…,butwecanexperiencemuchmoreifturningtothereallifehumans.Para.5Butthemainbenefithasto……providesmewiththeworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.TheStructureofArgumentationOpinions:SupportingideasPara.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para2,Para3,Para4:argumentsagainsttheadvantagesofsmartphonesPara5:AmainadvantageofabasicmobilephoneTip1:Choosetheproperconjunctionsbasedonthestructuresecondly;besides,…firstlythirdlymoreimportantly,Para.1Para.1WhywouldIwantoneofthose?Tip2:Useastatementinsteadofaquestionsuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:preferto…ratherthan….haveapreferencefor…….InsteadofOpinions:TheLanguageofArgumentation(basicmobilephoneratherthansmartphone)TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.2“checkingsocialnetworkingsites,playinggames,andreceivingandreplyingtoemails“frequentlyusedfunctionsTip3:UsesummarywordsinsteadofspecificexamplesTheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.3Ijustdon’tseethepointofconstantlybeingonlinesuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:Thereisnosense/pointindoing…..Itisnotnecessaryto……TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideasPara.4Itistruethatwealloccasionallyneedtobepointedintherightdirection,butwecanexperiencemuchmoreifturningtothereallifehumans.askfordirections;experiencealotTip4:Focusonthekeywordsintopicsentencesuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:If…,youmaynotexperience…;Askingfordirectionsbycommunicationratherthan…will...TheLanguageofArgumentationSupportingideassuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:…..helpmedo,findagoodexcuse…Ving…..canhelpme…..Para.5Butthemainbenefithastobethefactthatitprovidesmewiththeworld’sgreatestexcuseformybadhabits.Havingnosmartphone/usingmyordinaryphoneTip5:Clarifywhat“it”referstoOpinionssuggestedphrases&sentencepatterns:preferto…ratherthan….haveapreferencefor…….InsteadofSupportingideas1.frequentlyusedfunctions2.Thereisnosense/pointindoing(online)…..Itisnotnecessaryto……3.askfordirections;experiencealot;bycommunication;ratherthan...If…,youmaynot……;4.….helpmedo,findagoodexcuse…Ving…..canhelp