标准航海通信用语

中国贸易网《标准航海通信用语》用于：-提高航海和船舶操纵的安全性；-使海上航行、进出港操纵、水道航行、港内作业及船上业务的通信语言标准化。ThesephrasesarenotintendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningships'routeing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeofSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.这些语句不用作代替《1972年国际海上避碰规则》、特殊规则以及国际海事组织对于船舶日常作业作出的建议，也不打算与这些规则相矛盾；这些语句不用作取代《国际信号规则》，也不用作代替《国际电信联盟》规定的正常无线电话通信规则。TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConventions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstonnageormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencetootherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioninmaritimeeducationandtraining.《标准航海通信用语》符合经修正的《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》、经修正的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》有关口语通信的要求；而且，这些用语也包括了上述两个公约中有关安全事宜的通信。经修正的《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》对于500总吨及以上船舶的值班驾驶员使用《标准航海通信用语》的知识水平、理解能力和应用能力作出了要求。在通信中，《标准航海通信用语》的使用应优先于其它具有类似意义的措辞，而且这应成为航海教育与培训内容的一部分。Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,usingtheEnglishlanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenationsonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbasicknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifiedversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.e.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications.在现代航海生产中，《标准航海通信用语》旨在当表达和翻译有异义时逐渐成为航运国家所有人员之间口语通信中可接受的有关安全的英语语言。为此，《标准航海通信用语》基于英语的基本知识，其起草中，将语法、词汇和惯用法缩减到了可接受的最低水平，形成了标准结构，也就是说，在有关安全的口语通信中减少了有歧义的部分。TheaccompanyingCD/Cassettecouldbehelpfultofamiliarizewiththecorrectpronunciationofthephrases.附加的光盘和磁盘有助于熟悉这些用语的发音。Thetypographicalconventionsusedthroughoutmostofthiscommunicationphrasesareasfollows:这些用语中使用的常用编排符号如下：()brackets括号indicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhereitisrelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;括号中的内容是可添加的内容，或是前述内容的简单解释；/obliquestroke后斜线indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,斜线表示其左右的内容可供选择；...dots三点线indicatethattherelevantinformationistobefilledinwherethedotsoccurand.省略符表示在其出现处应添加有关内容。(italicletters斜体)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.斜体表示所需的信息种类。PARTI–GENERAL总论1Procedure程序WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagemaybesent:应使用《标准航海通信用语》时应用下述句子说明：PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrasesIwilluseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases2.Spelling拼读Wheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtableshouldbeused:在与船外进行拼读通信时，应按下表的规定进行拼读：LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCodewordAAlfaNNovember0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRomeo4KartefourFFoxtrSSierra5PantafiveLetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCodewordotGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUniform7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWWhisky9NovenineKKiloXX-rayFullstopStopLLimaYYankeeDecimalDecimalMMikeZZulupoint3.MessageMarkers语段标识Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thefollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(alsoseeApplicationofMessageMarkersgiveninsection6VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrasesofPARTIII):在“船━岸”和“岸━船”通信中及一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述8个语段标识。（另见第三部分第6节船舶交通管理（VTS）中“语段标识的应用”）(i)Instruction指示(ii)Advice建议(iii)Warning警告(iv)Information信息(v)Question问题(vi)Answer回答(vii)Request请求(viii)Intention意图4.Responses回应4.1Whentheanswertoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:Yes,....-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作肯定回答，请用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:No,...-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作否定回答，请用“No”，后接全句。4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:Standby-followedbythetimeintervalwithinwhichtheinformationwillbeavailable.若对方要求的信息不能立即得到，请用“Standby”，后停取得信息所需的时间。4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:Noinformation.若对方要求的信息无法得到，请用“Noinformation”。4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:Iwill/can...-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:Iwillnot/cannot...-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.对于一项指示（如由交管站、海军船舶或其他经受权人员给出）或建议，若作肯定回答，请用“Iwill/can...”，后接指示或建议的全句；若作否定回答，请用“Iwillnot/cannot...”，后接指示或建议的全句。Example:ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou.Respond:Iwillnotovertakevesselaheadofme.Theresp