机电一体化考试备考资料2

Chapter4DesignofControlSystem4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem微机控制系统4.2TheCompositionofPLCandItsApplicationPLC的组成及应用4.3ReliabilityDesignforInput/OutputControlofMicrocomputerApplicationSystem输入、输出接口的可靠性设计4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1.1TheTradeoff权衡andDecision决定ofSpecialandGeneralPurpose、softwareandhardware专用与通用、软件与硬件1.TheDecisionofSpecialandGeneralPurposeSpecialControlSystem：Large-batchproduction大批量生产DevelopedMechatronicsProductor成熟的机电一体化产品UniversalControlSystem：ConstantImprovement,structureinstability不断改进，结构不稳定的产品2.ThetradeoffofsoftwareandhardwareEconomyandReliability：Forexample：Software----Discretecomponents分立元件Hardware-----LSIChips4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1.2ThegeneraldesignideaControlSystem设计思想DesignSteps：TheConfirmationoftheSystemGeneralControlScheme确定系统整体控制方案TheConfirmationofControlAlgorithm确定控制算法TheChoiceofMicrocomputer选用微型计算机OverallDesignofSystem系统总体设计TheDesignofSoftwareandsoon软件设计4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem1.TheConfirmationoftheSystemGeneralControlScheme确定系统总体设计方案（1）TheControllingRequirement控制需要（2）Actuators执行元件（3）SpecialControllingRequirement特殊控制要求（4）TasksandFunctionofMicrocomputer微机系统的作用与组成（5）Cost成本4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem2.TheConfirmationofControlAlgorithmEstablishofMathematicalModellingofSystem建立该系统的数学模型DeterminationofControlAlgorithm确定其控制算法3.ChooseMicrocomputer选择微型计算机（1）InterruptSystem中断系统（2）StorageCapacity存储容量（3）input&outputportandReal-TimeClock完备的输入／输出通道和实时时钟（4）Specialrequirements：wordcapacity字长、Speed、Instruction指令4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4、OverallDesignofSystem系统总体设计（1）InterfaceDesign接口设计（2）ChannelDesign通道设计（3）OperationControl-panelDesign操作控制台5、TheDesignofSoftware（1）SystemSoftware系统软件（2）ApplicationSoftware应用软件6、Debuggingthesystem系统调试4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1.3SpeciesandCompositionofMicrocomputerSystem微型计算机系统的种类与构成1、systemstructureofMicrocomputer结构Generaldesignation统称：Microprocessor微处理机（微处理器）、Microcomputer微型计算机、MicrocomputerSystem微型计算机系统4.1MicrocomputerControlSystemMicroprocessor微处理机：μPorCPU.(LSI、VLSI)Microcomputer微型计算机：μCorMC.(CPU、ROM、RAM、I/O、SystemBus、LogicCircuits.MicrocomputerSystem微型计算机系统:MCS.MicrocomputerwithSystemSoftware、PeripheralEquipment系统软件、SystemBusInterface系统总线接口)4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1MicrocomputerControlSystemFundamentalhardwarestructureofMicrocomputer4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem2、SpeciesofMicrocomputer微型计算机的种类（1）VarietiesofAssembling组装形式1）Singlechip（单片机）LSI（集成电路芯片）:CPU、ROM、RAMandI/O.ForExample：MCS-48、MCS-51、MCS-964.1MicrocomputerControlSystem2）SingleBoardComputer单板机PrintedCircuitBoard印刷电路板:(LSI)CPU、ROM、RAM、I/Oandauxiliarycircuit辅助电路ElectricCables电缆线andperipheralequipment外部设备Intel8086/80884.1MicrocomputerControlSystem3）MicrocomputerSystem微型计算机系统Microcomputer、ROM、RAM、I/O、PowerSourcesPrintedCircuitBoard印刷电路板，Case机箱，Keyboard键盘、TheCRTDisplayCRT显示器、Printer打印机、HardMagneticDiskDriver硬盘、FloopyDiskDrive软盘驱动器systemsoftware（IBM-PCXT、286、386、486、586等）4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem（2）Figure位数DataBitsofParallelProcessing。4-bit,8-bit,16-bit,32-bit,64-bit（3）Application用途Forcontrol控制用ForDataProcessing数据处理用4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1.4ProgrammingLanguageandComputerSoftware程序设计语言与微机软件1、ProgrammingLanguage程序设计语言Workoutacomputerprogram编写程序，man-machinedialoguetool人机对话工具machinelanguage机器语言、assemblylanguage汇编语言、highlevellanguage高级语言4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem2、OperatingSystems操作系统ManagementProgramLibrarySystem(RSAS)ofComputerSystem计算机系统的管理程序库。3、ProgramLibrary程序库SetsaboutAvailableProgramandSubprogram(SoftwarePackage)计算机的可用程序和子程序的集合就是程序库（或软件包）。4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem4.1.5TheApplicationSphere应用领域、KeyPointsofSelection选用要点andProblemsofAttentionaboutMicrocomputer①Miniaturization小型化；②Multi-functionization多功能化；③IncreaseRegularity通用性增大；④IncreasetheReliability提高可靠性；⑤ImproveDesignEfficency提高设计效率；⑥goodEconomicEffect经济效果好；⑦StandardizationofSystem(Product)产品（或系统）标准化；⑧improvestherepairandmaintenanceproperty提高维修保养性能。4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem1、ApplicationSphere应用领域①IndustrialControlProductandMechatronicsProduct工业控制和机电产品②CommunicationsEquipmentandEnergyEquipment交通与能源设备③HouseholdElectricalAppliances家用电器④CommercialProducts商用产品⑤Instrumentation仪器、仪表⑥OAequipment办公自动化设备⑦InformationProcessingAutomaticEquipment信息处理自动化设备⑧ControlandNavigation导航与控制4.1MicrocomputerControlSystem2、KeyPointsofSelection选用要点①4-bit:smallersystemorproduct②8-bit:Medium-SizedSystem③16-bit、32-bit、64-bit:ComplicatedGreat4.2TheCharacteristicof8086/8088'sHardwareStructureIntel:86-SeriesComposition：ALU、Accumulator、SpecialandGeneralRegister、IR指令寄存器、InstructionDecoder指令译码器、TimerControlCircuit定时器控制电路4.2TheCharacteristicof8086/8088'sHardwareStructure4.2.1TheMainStructuralCharacteristicof8086/8088CPU（1）InternalFabricStructuresof8086/8088内部体系结构（2）InstructionSystemhasverystrongcapabilities（3）Multi-AddressingMethod（4）20-bit-wideaddressbus（5）16-bitI/OPortAddress（6）Thefunctionofinterruptionalisstrong4.2TheCharacteristicof8086/8088'sHardwareStructure4.2.2MaximumWorkingModeandMinimumWorkingMode0f8086/8088CPU（1）MaximumWorkingMode：Itconsistsoftwoormorecpu.MN/MX---Ground