动词时态和语态时态•一、谓语动词时态、时段一览表英语常用时态构成形式(主动)一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来--------过去将来--------do/doesam/are/isdoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoingdidwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoingshall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedonewoulddowouldbedoingwouldhavebeendone•二、谓语动词八种时态的划分图•三、谓语动词八种时态的划分图1.一般现在时bb动词be一般现在时amIam...ishe/she/itis...arewe/you/theyare...动词第三人称单数变化+swrite–writes+esgo–goeswash–washeswatch–watchesfix–fixes变y为i+esstudy–studies辅音字母+y结尾的词特殊变化have–has闪记基本用法1)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。Mikeisveryhappynow.2)表示经常性、习惯性的动作。Healwaysplaysbasketball.3)表示普遍真理和特征。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.4)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。Themeetingbeginsateighto'clock.5)在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。I'llcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.•6)根据时刻表的安排将要发生的事件,日程一般不可变更,语气比较肯定,常用的动词有:arrive,leave,come,go,open,close,return,start,begin,end,stop等。•Thetrainsarrivesat18:40.•Theshopopensat8a.mandclosesat11.pm.•7)以here或there开头的句子,说明正在发生的动作,谓语动词不用现在进行时,而用一般现在时。•Getitready.Herecomesabus.•Look!Therefliesakiteinthesky.例题1JasonandThomas__________brothers.Theystudyatthesameschool.A.beB.amC.isD.areD解题思路JasonandThomas主语是第三人称复数关键词study对时态的判断例题2—Canyourfatherdrive?—Yes,andheusually__________metoschool.A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdrivenC解题思路解题思路关键词canusually关键词判断为一般现在时小结2.一般过去时重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加ed行为动词的过去式carry—carriedlike—likedstop—stoppedwork—worked以e结尾,直接加d辅音字母加y,变y为i,加ed直接在词尾加ed动词be的过去式变化am—wasis—wasare—were闪记:基本用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。Wheredidyougoyesterday?2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。Didheoftengoswimminglastsummer?3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。HerEnglishwasverygoodatthattime.4)在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。HesaidhewouldcallmeassoonashearrivedinShanghai.5)用在一些句型里:Itistimeyouwenttobed.IwishIwereabird.I'dratheryoucametomorrow.例题1—When__________yourmother__________youthatbluedress,Mary?—Sorry,Ireallycan’tremember.A.does;buyB.has;boughtC.had;boughtD.did;buyD解题思路看答句不记得什么时候Sorry,Ireallycan’tremember.判断为过去时态连衣裙已经买过了看问句例题2—Nancyisnotcomingtothepartytonight.—Butshe_________meshe’dloveto.A.tellsB.toldC.hadtoldD.istellingD解题思路看答句she’dloveto.’d是would的缩写判断为宾语从句判断为一般过去时因为从句是过去式,所以主句用相应的过去范畴时态小结3.一般将来时闪记:一般将来时的构成否定句肯定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Will/Shall+主语+动词原形主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+...主语+will/shall+动词原形+...疑问词+一般疑问句?基本用法1)表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般会与表示将来的时间状语连用。Wewillgotoseethefilmtomorrow.2)用在一些主从复合句中。I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.1)表示未来的动作或状态,常用will/shall+动词时间状语有:tomorrow,nextweek等等。I'llgotoyourcitytomorrow.2)bedoing,表计划的将来,但语气不及一般现在时肯定,安排可以变更,常用动词有:go,come,leave,arrive等。HeisleavingforAmericaonbusinessnextmonth.3)begoingtodo,表示将来。a.主语的打算、意图,即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.表示“预测”,说明有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.一般将来时常见形式•4)betodo表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事,或表示要求、命令做某事,在if引导的条件从句中,表示一种愿望。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.•YouaretofinishtheworkbyFriday.•Ifyouaretosucceed,youmustworkhard.•5)beabouttodo,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.•注意:beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。例题1There__________atalkshowonCCTV-1atnightthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.ishavingD.willbehaveB解题思路thisevening判断为将来时态thereisgongtobe关键词例题2—PleasegivethisnotetoJohn.—OK.I’llgiveittohimassoonashe_________.A.iscomingbackB.willcomebackC.comesbackD.comebackC解题思路assoonas状语从句主将,从现comesback关键词小结4.现在进行时闪记:现在进行时的构成否定句肯定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Be(Is/Are)+主语+现在分词主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+...主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+...疑问词+一般疑问句?基本用法1)表示说话时正在进行的动作。Listen!Sheissingingasong.2)表示现阶段的正在进行的动作。Whatareyoudoingthesedays?3)表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.4).与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.例题1Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma__________now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleepsA解题思路now判断为现在进行时关键词例题2—WhereisMike?Heaskedmetogooutforawalkthisevening.—Maybehe__________TVinthelivingroomnow.A.watchedB.willwatchC.iswatchingD.watchesC解题思路关键词、句nowWhereisMike?判断为现在进行时小结5.现在完成时闪记:现在完成时的构成否定句肯定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Have/Has+主语+过去分词主语+have/has+not+过去分词+...主语+have/has+过去分词+...疑问词+一般疑问句?基本用法1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2)表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。HehaslearntEnglishforsixyears.Shehasstudiedplayingpianosince2006.注意:含有瞬间意义的动词如join,die,leave,receive,buyarrive等,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:HehasjoinedtheArmyfor5years(×)HehasbeenintheArmyfor5years.(√)Itis/hasbeen5yearssincehejoinedtheArmy.(√)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.(×)Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.(√)注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。用于现在完成时的句型1)Itisthefirst/secondtime….theonly---that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.ItistheonlydetectivenovelthatIhaveeverread.2)Thisisthe…that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我第一次听他唱歌。▲现在完成进行时:表示从过去的某一时刻始,一直延续到现在的动作。强调延续过程。如:Hehasbeenworkingattheschoolfor30years.他一直在这个学校工作了三十年。例题1—Hello!CanIspeaktoAlice?—Sorry.Sheisn’thererightnow.She__________totheshop.A.goesB.willgoC.hasgoneD.wasgoingC解题思路关键词Sheisn’thererightnow.当事人不在,用have/hasgone例题2Mr.Brownandhisfamilyhave__________NewYorkforafewweeks.A.beeninB.workedC.gonetoD.leftforA解题思路关键词