NathanHaleIOnlyregret(遗憾)thatIhavebutonelifetoloseformycountry(1755-1776)MollyPitcher(1754–1832)Atthebattle(战役)ofMonmouth,onJune28,1778,herhusbandgotsick(受伤)fromfightinginthewarandMollytookhisplaceathiscannon(大炮)andkeptthegun(枪)firing(开火)fortheremainder(剩余部分)ofthebattle.NathanHale(1755-1776)MollyPitcher1754--1832.为民族独立而战TheAmericanWarofDependence1607--1733年英国在北美建立13块殖民地费城波士顿纽约威尔明顿萨凡纳木材、造船、冶铁小麦烟草、蓝靛北美殖民地物产分布图北美殖民地(制造商)西印度群岛(原料提供商)出发地英国(国王)出售奴隶1英镑买回原料5英镑卖出原料9英镑买回成品12英镑返回出发地14英镑卖出成品船长⑴⑵⑶⑷“GiveMeLiberty(自由)orGiveMeDeath波士顿康科德来克星顿来克星顿枪声(1775年)1776年7月前旗帜1777年6月14日正式使用的美国国旗第二届大陆会议(TheSecondContinentalCongress)乔治华盛顿(GeorgeWashington,1732---1799第二届大陆会议任命华盛顿为大陆军总司令,开始有组织的反英斗争。《独立宣言》(TheDeclarationofIndependence独立宣言(DeclarationofIndependence)……thatallmenarecreatedequal(平等),thattheyareendowed(赋予)bytheirCreator(造物主)withcertainunalienable(不可剥夺的)Rights.平等(equal)独立宣言(DeclarationofIndependence)ThattheseUnitedColonies(殖民地)areandofRight(权利)oughttobefreeandIndependent(独立)States,thattheyareAbsolved(免除)fromallAllegiance(效忠)totheBritishCrown……独立(Independent)独立宣言(DeclarationofIndependence)ThatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructive(破坏)oftheseends,itistheRight(权利)ofthePeopletoalter(改变)ortoabolish(废除)it……民主(democracy)WeMustAllHangTogetherorWeShallAllHangSeparately.WhentheFoundingFatherofTheUnitedstateswrotetheDeclarationofIndependencetheymadeastatement(声明),notonlytoEngland,buttoalloftheworld.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasastatementabouttherightsthatallpeopleshare.Ittalkedabouttheideasofliberty(自由),equality(平等),andtherightsofpeopletocontrolthegovernment.国别英国美国老牌殖民国家年轻国家本土连同殖民地人口共计:3000万不到300万经济人口军事建制有强大海军(世界第一)无海军装备军需品充足物资奇缺军队训练有素、战斗经验丰富的正规军春天入伍,夏末回家收割的民兵英美双方实力对比萨拉托加战役1777转折点1781年10月,约克镇战役英军最后投降。巴黎和约1783年巴黎条约,英国承认美国独立Hewasthefirstinwar,thefirstinpeace,thefirstinthepeople’sheartsofhiscountryside.华盛顿纪念塔按华盛顿,异人也。起事勇于胜广,割据雄于曹刘……开疆万里,乃不僭位号,不传子孙,而创为推举之法,几于天下为公,……呜呼,可不谓人杰矣哉!……