经济学Chap05 ppt

MarketStructuresTheDegreeofCompetitionClassifyingmarketsnumberoffirmsfreedomofentrytoindustrynatureofproductnatureofdemandcurveThefourmarketstructuresperfectcompetitionmonopolymonopolisticcompetitionoligopolyFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresTypeofmarketNumberoffirmsFreedomofentryNatureofproductExamplesImplicationsfordemandcurvefacedbyfirmPerfectcompetitionVerymanyUnrestrictedHomogeneous(undifferentiated)Cabbages,carrots(approximately)Horizontal:firmisapricetakerMonopolisticcompetitionMany/severalUnrestrictedDifferentiatedBuilders,restaurantsDownwardsloping,butrelativelyelasticOligopolyFewRestrictedUndifferentiatedordifferentiatedCementcars,electricalappliancesDownwardsloping.Relativelyinelastic(shapedependsonreactionsofrivals)MonopolyOneRestrictedorcompletelyblockedUniqueLocalwatercompany,trainoperators(overparticularroutes)Downwardsloping:moreinelasticthanoligopoly.FirmhasconsiderablecontroloverpriceFeaturesofthefourmarketstructuresQUnderwhichofthefollowingmarketstructuresdoesTescooperate?A.PerfectcompetitionB.MonopolisticcompetitionC.OligopolyD.MonopolyTheDegreeofCompetitionClassifyingmarketsnumberoffirmsfreedomofentrytoindustrynatureofproductnatureofdemandcurveThefourmarketstructuresperfectcompetitionmonopolymonopolisticcompetitionoligopolyStructureconductperformancePerfectCompetitionAssumptionsfirmsarepricetakersfreedomofentryidenticalproductsperfectknowledgeShort-runequilibriumofthefirmprice,outputandprofitO£(b)FirmQ(thousands)O(a)IndustryPQ(mi