...高中英语——形容词和副词一、考点、热点回顾形容词1、形容词的一般用法(1).作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。It’sacoldandwindyday.(2.)作表语,放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….)Helookshappytoday.(3.)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?(4.)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。Howlongistheriver?It’sabouttwohundredmetreslong.(5.)只能作表语的形容词:afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightenedThemanisill.(正)Theillmanismyuncle.(误)(6.)只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.(正)Mybrotheriselder.(误)(7).貌似副词的形容词:lonely;friendly;lively;lovely2、形容词常用句型(1).“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb+be+adj+todosth注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right(正确的),wrong等。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(=Youareverykindtohelpme.)(2).“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=Todosthisadjforsb.注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等。It’snoteasyforthemtolearnaforeignlanguage.(=Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasyforthem.)(3).表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式。I’mverysadtohearthebadnews.(4.)表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuretogettoschoolontime.副词1、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly...程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only2、副词的基本用法:(1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.Heplaysthepianoverywell.(2).副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.Hegotupquickly(3).enough修饰adj/adv时,放在其后.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.3、常见副词用法辨析(1).already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”Hehad_____leftwhenIcalled.Haveyoufoundyourruler______?(2)very,much和verymuch.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用verymuch.Johnis____honest.Thisgardenis_____biggerthanthatone.Thankyou_____.(3.)so与such的区别1)so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词,MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词Heis___cleveraboy.=Heis____acleverboy.Itis____coldweather.Theyare_____goodstudents.3)名词前有many,much,few,little(少量的)用so不用such.(多多少少仍用so)但little表示“小的”用such.Thereare___littlesheeponthehill.(4).also,too,aswell与either的区别also,aswell,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;aswell,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,Myfatherisateacher.Mymotheris____ateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher______.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher,_____.Ican’tspeakFrench……Jennycan’tspeakFrench,_____....(5).sometime,sometimes,sometime与sometimes的区别sometime:表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。sometimes:有时,不时的=attimessometime:一段时间sometimes:几次,几倍We’llhaveatest______nextmonth._____wearebusyandsometimeswearenot.HestayedinBeijingfor_____lastyear.IhavebeentoBeijing______.(6).ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。Isawhimtenminutes_______.Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilm______.(7).now,just与justnow的区别now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”just:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”justnow:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”Wheredoeshelive______?Wehave_______seenthefilm.Hewashere______.(8).lonely/alone的区别1).alone独自一人/没有同伴,既可作adj也可作adv.2).lonely表示孤独,寂寞,也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的,常与feel连用。3).alone只作表语(以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely既可作表语,也可作定语)Helives_____ona_____island.Heis_____,buthedoesn’tfeel______.(9).fast/quickly/soon的区别.fast表示速度之快quickly表示动作之快soon表示时间之快I’mleavinghomethisafternoon.Really?Whyso______?A.fastB.soonC.quicklyD.early形容词,副词的比较级、最高级1、规则变化(1).一般在词尾直接加er或est,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest(2.)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,heavy-heavier-heaviest(4).重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,big-bigger-biggest注:大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat)(5).部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less/leastimportant----lessimportant----leastimportantEnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish....(6.)由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/mostslowly---moreslowly----mostslowly;但early—earlier---earliest2、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther(距离)/further(程度)farthest/furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like(想似的)morelikemostlikereal(真的)morerealmostrealtiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleasedoftenmoreoftenmostoften注:形容词,副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight3.形容词,副词等级的用法(1)、原级的用法1).只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,tooHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.2.)原级常用的句型结构A=B-----A+as+adj/adv的原级+as+B表示“A和B一样”TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.A<B---A+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B表示“A不如B…”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.4、比较级的用法(1).可以修饰比较级的词.much,alot,far,…的多alittle,abit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.(2.)比较级常用的句型结构“甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”TomistallerthanKate....Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.5.