Unit4_Grammar

Unit4Earthquakes定语从句Declanisafamoussinger.Hesingsthesongtellmewhy.Declanisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongtellmewhy.Theboywhoisreadingabookoverthereismyfriend.Theboyismyfriend.Heisreadingabookoverthere.Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.HeisafamoussingerwhoisfromTaiwan.定语从句(Ⅰ)1．(教材P26)Thenumberofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400，000.答案：who2．(教材P26)Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.答案：which3．(教材P26)Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthoseweretrappedandtoburythedead.答案：who4．(教材P26)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorshomeshadbeendestroyed.答案：whose5．ThemanIhavetophonelivesinCanada.答案：whom/who/that在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that关系副词：when,where,why定语从句一定放在被修饰的成分之后。Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)在从句中的作用指代功能二、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)Doyouknowthedoctor?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthedoctorwhospokejustnow?定语从句的位置whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.3．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句作定语)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)*whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.Thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.e.g.That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.Thatisthenewmachine.Thepartsofitaretoosmalltosee.That’sthemachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltosee.4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.Ihavereadthenewspaperwhichcarriestheimportantnews.Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。5．that即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。e.g.ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.Janehasborrowedthebook.JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.三、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况1．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。e.g.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2．先行词是不定代词，如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。Alliswellthatendswell.3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。e.g.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5．当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshehadvisitedinthecity.thate.g.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere.that*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略)e.g.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that。e.g.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.先行词是人,从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时,用whom或that(介词后不用that)。e.g.Theteacherwantstoreturnthebooktothegirlfromwhomheborrowedit.Heisthestudent(whom,who,that)youwanttosee.关系代词that,which,whom在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldringhehadlostonthetrain.答案：which/that2．Thechildrenwereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.答案：who/that3．Thewomanisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.答案：who/that4．ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhavevisited.答案：that5．Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeopleshewasinterestedin.答案：that6．Look,herearesomepeopleIwantyoutomeet.答案：who/whom/that7．Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?答案：that/which8．Thepicturewasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.答案：which/that9．ThisistheveryhotelIstayedatwhenIwastravellinghere