世界汞矿地区汞污染研究进展

:2008209217;:2008211225:(KZCX32SW2443):(1979),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1,2,2,2(1.,551800;2.,550002):,,,,,,:;;:X501:A:167229250(2009)0120080206,,,,19561972,,[1],1,3:2,:AlmadnIdrijaMonteAmiataPalawanNewAlmadn,(1)922812[3](2),Almadn,,2000Idrija1([2])Fig.1Mapshowingthedistributionofmercuriferousbeltsandmercurydepositsthroughouttheworld,5007628[3],103,1214.38,3[4],208EARTHANDENVIRONMENT2009371Vol.37.No.1,20092([3])Fig.2GlobalhistoricyieldofmercuryandthetotalcontributionfromtheAlmadnandIdrijamercurydeposits,,,,;,,,,,,2.1,,,,(1),Almadn34000mgkg-1[5],4400mgkg-1[6],[5,7],,130gL-1[8],,,:[9-11](),;,,,,1Table1.Thecomparisonoftotalmercuryconcentrationsintheminewastefromdifferentmercuryminingareasthroughouttheworld(mgkg-1)5.74400[6]Nevada1.92000[12]Almadn16034000[5]Idrija42.61640[9]Palawan28660[13]787240[11]4.1480[14]3809[15]1.8900[8];,,[14,16]2.2,,;,,,(2),:CoastRange,450gL-1[17];Pala2wan18-31gL-1[13][6,18,19][15][20][8]Nevada[12,13]Alaska[21]Almadn[5],,2Table2.Thecomparisonofmercuryconcentrationsinthesurfacewaterfromdifferentmercuryminingareasthroughouttheworld(ngL-1)(ngL-1)17.3105800.0120.766[6,18,19]223600.215.7[15]257020[20]9223002.67.9[8]Nevada4.2821070.4007.2[22]Almadn7.6-130000.4130[5]Idrija2.83220.010.6[23]Palawan8310000.023.1[13]24500000.003-47[24,25]1.025000.01-1.2[21]181:,[15,18,20],,,,,,[26]CoastRange,47ngL-1[24,25];Almadn,30ngL-1[5],,,,2.3,,Almadn,20gm-3[27];17.81101.8ngm-3,12222ngm-3[28],,,17.8101.8ngm-3[29],Idrija252000ngm-3[30],12ngm-3[31],,[27,32],209010,10500ngm-2h-1[33],,10%[34],,,35,3000ngm-3[30],Almadn,1500t,10t[27]Idrija,19601995,9777t,60t[30]1983828t,11t[35]6.9%32.1%,3.79.6t[36]4.5%,19998.78t[37]Ferrara[27],1030t,10000t[3],,1%2.4,,,,,,(3):5.1790mgkg-1,0.33320mgkg-1,8.4850mgkg-1[6,15,20];Almadn69000mgkg-1,Idrija0.392759mgkg-1[38,39]3Table3.Thecomparisonoftotalmercuryconcentrationsinthesoilsfromdifferentmercuryminingareasthroughouttheworld(mgkg-1)5.1790[6,18]1.3360[15]8.4950[20]0.1847.5[8]Almadn1.78889[5]Idrija0.392759[39]0.055326[40]Palawan0.012566.8[41],HgS,[32,38]282009,[8,15]2.5,[42,43],,,-,Palawan1.07mgkg-1[44],1.3mg/kg[21],0.5mgkg-1,120-18000gkg-1,10gkg-112-1800;()40-1280gkg-1,20gkg-1264[6,15,18,20,45],(4),90%,,,,,,[45]4Table4.Thecomparisonofmercuryconcentrationsinthericefromdifferentmercuryminingareas(gkg-1)(gkg-1)(%)11.1698.031445.4672.6[18]8.85501.218266[15]6.0113.03.113.46.083.6[8]4.9214.71.927.62.488.3[45]10.311201.611741.493[46]3,,,,;,;,;,,,,References:[1]LindqvistO.Specialissueoffirstinternationalonmercuryasaglobalpollutant[J].Water,Air,andSoilPollution,1991,56:1.[2]GustinMS,LindbergSE,MarsikF,etal.NevadaSTORMSproject:Measurementofmercuryemissionsfromnatural2lyenrichedsurfaces[J].JournalofGeophysicalResearch2Atmosphere,1999,104:21831-21844.[3]HylanderL,MeiliM.500yearsofmercuryproduction:globalannualinventorybyregionuntil2000andassociatedemis2sions[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2003,304:13-27.[4].[EB/OL].=1141/2003.[5]GrayJE,HinesME,HiguerasPL,etal.Mercuryspeciationandmicrobialtransformationsinminewastes,streamsediments,andsurfacewatersattheAlmadnminingdistrict,Spain[J].EnvironmentalScience&Technology,2004,38:4285-4292.[6]QiuG,FengX,WangS,ShangL.Mercuryandmethylmercuryinripariansoil,sediments,mine2wastecalcines,andmossfromabandonedHgminesineastGuizhouprovince,southwesternChina[J].AppliedGeochemistry,2005,20:627-638.[7]RytubaJJ.Mercuryfrommineraldepositsandpotentialenvironmentalimpact[J].EnvironmentalGeology,2003,43:381:326-338.[8]LiP,FengX,ShangL,QiuG,etal.MercurypollutionfromartisanalmercurymininginTongren,Guizhou,China[J].AppliedGeochemistry,2008,23:2055-2064.[9]BiesterH,GosarM,MullerG.MercuryspeciationintailingsoftheIdrijamercurymine[J].JournalofGeochemicalExploration,1999,65:195-204.[10]KimCS,JrG,RytubaJJ.Characterizationandspeciationofmercury2bearingminewasteusingX2rayadsorptionspec2troscopy[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2000,261:157-168.[11]KimCS,RytubaJ,Brown2JrG.Geologicalandanthropogenicfactorsinfluencingmercuryspeciationinminewastes:anEXAFSspectroscopystudy[J].AppliedGeochemistry,2004,19:379-393.[12]GrayJE,CrockJG,FeyDL.EnvironmentalgeochemistryofabandonedmercuryminesinWest2CentralNevada,USA[J].AppliedGeochemistry,2002,17:1069-1079.[13]GrayJE,GreavesIA,BustosDM,etal.Mercuryandmethylmercurycontentsinmine2wastecalcine,water,andsedimentcollectedfromthePalawanQuicksilverMine,Philippines[J].EnvironmentalGeology,2003,43:298-307.[14]GrayJE,HinesM,BiesterH.MercurymethylationinfluencedbyareasofpastmercuryminingintheTerlinguadis2trict,SouthwestTexas,USA[J].AppliedGeochemistry,2006,21:1940-1954.[15]QiuG,FengX,WangS,etal.EnvironmentalcontaminationofmercuryfromHg2miningareasinWuchuan,northeast2ernGuizhou,China[J].EnvironmentalPollution,2006,142:549-558.[16]HinesME,BaileyEA,GrayJE,etal.TransformationsofmercuryinsoilsnearmercurycontaminatedsitesintheUSA[M].5thInternationalConferenceonMercuryasaGlobalPollutant,Proceedings,Vol.1,CETEM,RiodeJa2neiro,1999.471.[17]RytubaJJ.Mercuryminedrainageandprocessesthatcontrolitsenvironm