介词及介词短语

高中语法---介词和介词短语讲解一．常用介词1.About①Shesaidsomethingaboutherself.---关于②Helookedaboutthehall,butsawnobody.---到处（=around)2.Above①“高于”Heisthemanaboveher.---职位Thestoneweighsaboveoneton(吨）.---数量Sheisabovefiftyyearsold.---年龄②Thewholeskyaboveusisfilledwithstars.---位置“在...上方”3.Against①表方向位置Birdsflyslowlyagainstthewind.---“逆着”Hestoodwithhisbackagainstthewall.---“倚靠”Thecoldrainbeatagainstthewindow.---“撞击”②Idon’tknowwhetherheisfororagainstit.---“反对”Hediditagainsthisownwill.---“违背”③Theyhavegotpreparedagainstflood.---防备④Flowerslookbetteragainstgreenleaves.---“衬托”⑤Wemustfightagainstunfairness.---“与...作斗争”4.As①Don’ttreatmeasachild.---“当做”②习惯用语中：asforme“至于我”5.At①“处于...状态”：atwork工作中attable用餐中②“在...时刻/钟点/时期/节日/岁”：atthatmoment在那时at8o’clockatnightatSpringFestivalattheageof③按...速度：atfull/highspeed全速/高速按...价格：atahigh/lowprice以高/低价④常用搭配：aimat瞄准laughat嘲笑atone’sexpense由某人付费atone’srequest应某人请求atthesightof一看见...就...6.Beyond①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock.---时间晚于②Thesestudentscamefrombeyondthesea.（在海外）---位置在...以外③Thisbookisbeyondme.---“为...所不及”“超出...的范围”④Iknownothingbeyondthis.---“除...之外”7.By①standbythewindow.---“在...旁边”②Hemakesalivingbyteaching.---通过方法手段③bybus---借助交通工具④Theyarepaidbytheday.---按照⑤returnthebookbyMonday---在...之前⑥walkbythestore---经过⑦Heistallerthanhisfatherbyahead.---相差+数词⑧常用搭配takesb.bythehand./arm拉着某人的手/胳膊knowsbbyname知道某人的名字bychance碰巧bymistake碰巧8.for的用法①”为了“comehereforameeting---表目的gooutforlunch---表对象②”向“ThetrainisforBeijing---表方向③”达“walkformiles---表距离Stayforaweek---表时间④”以...的价钱”Iboughtabookfor5dollars.⑤“支持”Sheisforgivingitup.⑥“因为”Xi’anisfamousforcoldnoodles.(凉皮LiangPi肉夹馍Chinesehamburger/Roujiamo)⑦”作为“Don’ttakehimforafool.别把他当傻子。*takefor把...误认为...=mistakefortakeas把...当做...⑧”就...而言”Heistallforhisage⑨”适合“Heisthemanforthejob.⑩”给某人的...”Hereisaletterforyou.11”对于”Hehasagiftformusic.他在音乐上有天赋。12词组：forsale出售forfree免费9.From①”来自”Hegotaletterfromhismother.②“由于”Hefelttiredforawholeday’swork.③”离“Howfarisyourhometownfromhere？④”由...制成“Wineismadefromrice.(看不出原材料)不可数名词表一类Thekiteismadeofpaper.（看得出原材料）the+单数可数名词表一类*表类指：ahorse---a/an+单数可数名词thehorse---the+单数可数名词Wine/horses---不可数名词/复数名词⑤”免于“Thesebooksweresavedfromdamage.⑥搭配：Judgefrom由...判断Keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止farfromit远非如此10.Of①thecityofBeijing---表同位关系（地位相同，含义一致）②aboyoften---表年龄③Hewasbornofapoorfamily.---表出身④It’sofnouse=It’suseless---of+抽象名词=形容词⑤搭配：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(adj说明人的特征）remindsbofsth使某人想起某事11.On①”在...之上”onthewall②“处于...情况”Thebuildingisonfire.③“关于“atalkoneducation④”按照”Youshouldactonhisadvice.⑤”一...就“Onhearingthenews,sheleft.on+v-ing⑥”站在...一边”Sheisonourside.⑦在具体某一天：onacolddayOnMondaymorning12.Over①”在...上方”Thelampisoverthetable.灯②数量多于Thereareover20studentsinmyclass.职位高于HeisoverMaryinrank.③从头到尾：gooverthenotes遍及：allovertheworld④覆盖：Sheputasheet（床单）overthebed.⑤越过:jumpoverthewarShespoketohimoverhershoulder.⑥关于：talkoverthematter13.Under①在...下面：standunderthetree②年龄低于：Childrenunder6yearsold数字少于：Ittookusunderonehour.③在...之下：studythepianounderhermother---在指导下Hehadthirtymenunderhim.---在管辖下Undercontrol---在控制下14.With①和...一起：livewithhermother②带有:Ihavenomoneywithme.agirlwithglasses具有:Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.③由于：Hisfaceturnedredwithanger.④用工具：writewithapen⑤随着：withtimegoingby(with+n./代词/动名词)astimegoesby（as+句子）⑥with+名词/代词+宾补：Heleftwithalltheworkfinished.Sleepwiththewindowopen二．对比1.on-over-above在...上面Thereisabookonthedesk.表面接触Over---垂直上方Thelampisoverthetable.灯Above---笼统的上方Thewholeskyaboveusisfilledwithstars.---位置“在...上方”2.about-on-over关于About-常用On-强调学术方面严肃话题talkontheeconomicsituationOver-固定搭配quarrelover争吵、talkover商量3.at-in表地点①at+小地方atthebusstationIn+大地方inXi’an②at范围不明确attherailwaystation候车室或站台In在...里intherailwaystation4.in-on-to表地点Xi’anliesinthemiddleofChina.在领土内MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.接壤（theInnerMongoliaautonomousregion、theXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion、GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion、NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion、Tibet）JapanistotheeastofChina.不接壤三．常用介词短语1.At①atwar在战争②atpresent目前③atthebeginningof在...的开始④atthesightof一看到...就...⑤atthecostof以...的代价2.On①onduty值班②onbehalfof代表③onaccountof由于④ontheconditionthat在...条件下3.By①byaccident偶然②bynature天生地③bytheday按天计算④byweight/size/number按重量/大小/数量计算⑤bymistake错误地4.In①incash用现金②indetail详细地③indanger处于危险中-introuble在困难中④inhighspirits情绪高昂地⑤inpublic公开地-insecret秘密地⑥inspace在太空中⑦infavorof支持赞成-inmemoryof为了纪念⑧innoway/case决不⑨inreturn作为回报⑩inspiteof尽管5.outof+n表状态①outoffashion不流行②outoforder出故障③outofquestion毫无疑问Thevictoryisoutofquestion.Outofthequestion不可能Thevictoryisoutofthequestion.6.Under①underpressure在压力下②underthedirectionof在...指导下7.withpleasure乐意地，愿意效劳---回答请求It’smypleasure.我的荣幸，别客气---回答感谢8.Forbutfor要不是forlife终forfearof唯恐(failure)forthegoodof为了...的利益（thecountry)Forthesakeof看在...的份上（God)，为了...缘故（safety)练习1.Weshouldtalkaboutthethings___B_____thechildren’sunderstandinginasimpleway.A．overB．BeyondC．aboveD．Under解析】考查介词辨析。句意为：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合句意，above和over一般描述位置，beyond非……所能及2.Eventually，thePresidenthadtoleaveoffice___B_____publicpressureinordertoeasethetensionofthesituation.A．infavorofB．inresponsetoC．inreturnforD．inhonourof解析】inresponseto表示“作为……的回应”，即总统被迫辞职，以作为对公