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非真实条件状语从句虚拟语气虚拟语气在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。eg：1.Ifhedoesn‘thurryup,hewillmissthebus.2.Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.4.Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.一、用法及动词形式一、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：主语+过去时主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth4.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.5.Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.二、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：主语+haddone主句：主语+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg：1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：①if+主语+weretodo主句：①主+should/would/could/might+do②if+主语+did/were②主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+should+do③主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.3.IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.二、混合虚拟语气有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫混合虚拟语气。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.三、虚拟语气的省略1.省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had等提到句首：WereITom,Iwouldrefuse.Shoulditbenecessary,Iwouldgo.Haditnotbeenforthebadweatherwewouldhavearrivedontime.①若从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不与were,should,had缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：HadItime,Iwouldcome.假若我有时间，我会来的。(=IfIhadtime…)2.省略主语和动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：Ifrepairedearlier,thetractorwouldnothavebrokendown.要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=Ifithadbeenrepairedearlier…)3.省略“it+be”Ifnecessary,Iwouldsendmorefarmhandstohelpyou.如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=Ifitwasnecessary,…)四、含蓄虚拟语气非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…,butfor…等1.Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.2.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.3.Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim(2)条件暗含在上下文中。如：Iwouldnothavedoneitthatway.我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含ifIwereyou）Youmightcometojoinusinthediscussion.你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）IwouldhaveboughttheDVDplayer.我是会买下那台影碟机的。可能暗含ifIhadthemoney）五、其他各类用法一、wish后宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg.IwishIhadyourbrains.b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+doneeg:.IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would（情态动词）+动词原形eg.IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.(注：ifonly引导的感叹句和asif/asthough引导的状语从句也有相同用法）IfonlyandonlyifOnlyif只有ifonly如果。。。就好了IwakeuponlyifthealarmclockringsIfonlythealarmclockhadrung,二、一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)二命令(order.command)三建议(advise.suggest.propose)四要求(demand.require.request.ask.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should+do”。should可以省略。eg：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.Heinsistedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.•Hedemandthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.•Heorderedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice.insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg：Heinsistsheisastudent.suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。eg：Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.三、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、apity等。句型：Itis.......that+主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。eg:Doyouthinkitnecessarythathe(should)notbesenttoLingbao.Itissrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriend.奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。四、在evenif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/eventhough/whatever/however/solongas;主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.五、一般wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：过去had+done现在过去时(be用were)将来过去时(be用were)I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.I'dratheryouwereherenow.We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.六、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+动词的过去式/should+do，即从句用虚拟过去式。ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.