2、美国概况

美国概况GeneralknowledgeofAmerica教师：龙坤longkunQSforGlobalunderstandingofUSA•1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthedifferentnamesofUSA?•2.What’sitsnationalflag?•3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthemeaningofitsnationalflag?•4.What’sthenicknameforAmericanpeople?•5.What’sitsnationalanthem(国歌)?•6.TherearemanythingsthatsymbolizeAmericanculture,couldyousaysomeofthem?Nolessthan10itemsFullnameNationalflagNationalemblemNationalanthemNationaldayNationalflowerCapitalNickname1.BasicinformationNameoftheCountry•ThefullofficialnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica,usuallyreferredtoastheU.S.A.•TheUnitedStateofAmerica,withthecapitalofWashingtonD.C.,isthebiggestcountryinNorthAmerica.Nationalflag:StarsandStripesthemeaningofthesign1.madeupof13alternating【交替的】redandwhitestripesand50whitestarsonabluefield2.Starsareconsideredasymboloftheheavensandthedivine【神圣的】goal3.thestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightfromthesunWhite:SignifiespurityandinnocenceRed:Signifiesvalor【英勇】andbraveryBlue:SignifiesVigilance【警戒】,perseverance,andjusticeNationalemblem国徽：Baldeagle秃鹰(美国的国鸟]meanings美国的国徽是由威廉·巴顿WilliamBarton和查尔斯·汤姆逊CharlesThomson设计的，美国政府于1782年6月20日开始用这个国玺来鉴定重要文件。国徽的图案，正中是一只象征独立、自由精神的白头鹰，前面盾牌状的国旗，代表了1777年加入美国联邦的十三个州。白头鹰的右爪持着希望和平的橄榄枝，左爪握着决心自卫的利箭。白头鹰衔着一条用拉丁文写着“合众国”字样的彩带，国徽顶端则是透过云雾，闪闪发光的十三颗金星。TheGreatSealshowsawide-spreadeagle,facedfront,havingonhisbreastashieldwiththirteenperpendicularredandwhitestripes,surmountedbyabluefieldwiththesamenumberofstars.Inhisrighttalontheeagleholdsanolivebranch,inhisleftabundleofthirteenarrows,andinhisbeakhecarriesascrollinscribedwiththemotto:EPluribusUnum“,meaningoutofmany,oneTheEagleappearsintheSealsofmanyofourStates,onmostofourgoldandsilvercoinage,andisusedagreatdealfordecorativepatrioticpurposes.Theeaglerepresentsfreedom.NationalAnthem国歌:TheStar-SpangledBanner《星条旗永不落》NationalDay国庆节:July4Nationalflower:roseNationalbird:baldeagleCapital:WashingtonD.C.(asamemorialtoGeorgeWashingtonandChristopherColumbus)Nickname:UncleSamIn1986,PresidentReganissuedaproclamation【公告】todeclarethattherosebecametheofficialfloweroftheAmerica.NationalBird—TheEagleThebaldeaglewaschosenonJune20,1782asthesymbolofAmerica,becauseofitslonglife,greatstrengthandmajesticlooks.Theeagle,fullofthespiritoffreedom,livingabovethevalleys,strongandpowerfulinhismight,hasbecomethenationalsymbolofU.S.A.GeorgeWashingtonChristopherColumbusUncleSamUncleSamafiguresymbolizingtheUnitedStatesPortrayed【描绘，扮演】asatall,white-hairedmanwithagoatee【山羊胡子】oftendressedinred,white,andblue,andwearsatophat“UncleSam”totheUnitedStatesis“JohnBull”toUKJohnBullUncleSamJustforfun^.^DifferenttypesofUncleSamChristmasSamOlympicSamSoldierSamMickySamSupermansamDogSamWorkerSamCowboySam1.Locationandsize2.Topography(地形,地质)Majormountainsandrivers3.Climate4.Naturalresources5.Population6.Majorcities2.AmericanGeography48contiguous邻近的states+2noncontiguousstates+D.CLocationandSize1.ContinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.2.The2neweststates:AlaskaandHawaiiseparatedfromcontinentalUnitedStatesAlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanada,HawaiiliesinthecentralPacific.MexicoThePacificOceanTheAtlanticOceanSizeoftheUS--alandareaof9.3millionsquarekilometers.--stretches2,575kilometersfromnorthtosouthand4,500kilometersfromeasttowest.--the4thlargestcountryintheworldinsizeafterRussia,CanadaandChina.--Alltogetherthereare50statesintheUS.--OfallthestatesAlaska阿拉斯加州isthelargestinareaandRhodeIsland【罗德岛州】thesmallest.--onthemainlandTexasisthelargest.2.Topography地形:MountainsinU.S.A.AppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亚山脉RockyMountains落基山脉ThefiveGreatLakes–LakeSuperior苏必利尔湖：thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.–LakeMichigan密歇根湖：theonlyoneentirelyintheUS–LakeHuron休伦湖–LakeErie伊利湖–LakeOntario安大略湖--theworld’slargestGroupoffreshwater淡水lakespopulation“MeltingPot”AmongtheCaucasians白种人,themostinfluentialpeopleareWASP:thewhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestants新教徒.Aborigines土著居民:theIndians80%-90%ofimmigrantsarefromAsiaandHispanic【西班牙】countries.7.Majorcities1.WashingtonD.C.2.NewYorkCity(inNewYork)3.LosAngeles(InCalifornia)4.Chicago(inIllinois)5.Houston(inTexas)6.Philadelphia(inPennsylvania)7.Detroit(inMichigan)8.SanFrancisco(inCalifornia)9.Boston(inMassachusetts)WashingtonD.C.CapitalHeadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem:Congress(CapitalHill),theSupremeCourt最高法院andthePresidencyTheWorldBank世界银行TheInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织LincolnMemorial林肯纪念堂LincolnMemorial林肯纪念堂theSupremeCourt最高法院TheWorldBank世界银行NewYorkCity(inNewYork)“TheBigApple”大苹果市ThelargestcitybothintermofsizeandpopulationThebusinessandfinancialcapitaloftheworld.WallStreet华尔街TheNewYorkStockExchange纽约证券交易所LosAngeles(InCalifornia)2ndmostpopulouscityacityoffantasyknownformotion-picture,aeronautics航空学andaerospaceindustriesChicago(inIllinois)Windycity;the3rdpopulatedcityFinancial,transportation,culturalcapitalofMidwesternAmericatheforemosttransportationhub中心Houston(inTexas)ThelargestcityinTexas;The4thlargestcityinUSA;“theSpaceCity”attheforefrontinspacetechnology60年代初，美国最大的宇航中心——约翰逊宇航中心在休斯敦市建立Philadelphia费城(in