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INTERNATIONALECONOMICLAWCHAPTER1GENERALINTRODUCTIONOFIEC1.1ConceptandSystemofIEC1.1.1RelativeTheoriesofIECNarrowdefinitionBroaddefinitionGENERALIZATIONWithregardtothetheoryofIEC,mostChinesescholarsholdthatabroaddefinitionofIECisappropriate.WeholdthattherearenarrowandbroaddefinitionsofIEC.Underthebroaddefinition,thescopeofIECshallnotonlyincluderegulation-relatedIEC,whichismainlyconsistedofthedomesticeconomicadministrativelawsandregulationswithforeignelementsandpublicinternationallawsincloseconnectionwithinternationalregulationandgovernanceofeconomicactivitiesconductedbyprivate(naturalorlegal)persons,butalsoincludetransaction-specificIECmainlyconsistedofthedomesticcommerciallawwithforeignelementsandinternationalcommerciallaws.Underthenarrowdefinition,thescopeofIECshallonlyincluderegulation-relatedIEC,whichosmainlyconsistedofthedomesticeconomicadministrativelawsandregulationswithforeignelementsandpublicinternationallawsincloseconnectionwithinternationalregulationandgovernanceofeconomicactivitiesconductedbyprivate(naturalorlegal)persons.1.2FeaturesandCoverageofIECTheFeaturesofIELUniqueSubjectsofPublicIELComprehensiveContentofIELVagueBoundaryasOneoftheFeaturesofIEL1.3THECOVERAGEOFIELTheRelationshipwithRespecttoInternationalTradeRegulationTheLegalRelationshiponInternationalInvestmentRegulationRelationshiponInternationalMonetaryandFinancialRegulationRelationshiponInternationalTaxationRelationshiponOtherInternationalAffairs1.4LEGALSOURCESOFIELInternationalEconomicTreaties(Conventions)InternationalEconomicCustomsResolutionsofImportantInternationalOrganizationssuchasUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyDomesticLegislationonRegulationofExternalEconomicActivitiesOtherAuxiliaryLegalSourcesofIEL1.5BASICPRINCIPLESOFIECThePrincipleofNationalEconomicSovereigntyTheprincipleofEquityandMutualBenefitsThePrincipleofInternationalCooperationforDevelopmentprincipleCHAPTER2GENERALIZATIONOFTHELEGALSYSTEMOFINTERNATIONALTRADE2.1TheDefinition,ScopeofInternationalTradeLawBriefIntroductiontoInternationalTradeDefinitionofInternationalTradeLawDefinitionofInternationalTradeLawinGeneralSphereofInternationalTradeLaw2.2.1DEFINITIONOFSOURCESOFINTERNATIONALTRADELAWThesourcesofinternationaltradelawarewhatinternationaltribunalsrelyonindeterminingthecontentofinternationaltradelaw.Sincewedefineinternationaltradelawasacombinationofinternationalrulesandnationalrulesconcerninginternationaltrade,thesourcesofinternationaltradelawshouldincludeinternationaltreatiesandconventions,internationalusages,bilateraltreaties,nationallaws,caselawincommonlawcountriesaninternationalcommercialcustomsorusages.2.2.2MAJORSOURCESOFINTERNATIONALTRADELAWInternationalTreatiesandConventionsInternationalTradeCustomsandUsagesNationalLawsNationalPrecedents2.3SUBJECTSANDFUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLESOFINTERNATIONALTRADELAW2.3.1SubjectsofInternationalTradeLawNaturalPersonsLegalPersons(Juristicpersons)InternationalOrganizationsStates2.3.2FUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLESOFINTERNATIONALTRADELAWTradeLiberalizationPrinciplePrincipleofEquityandMutualBenefit2.4THECONTRACTLEGALSYSTEMOFINTERNATIONALSALEOFGOODS2.4.1TheSigningoftheContractsofInternationalTradeofGoods2.4.1.1TheOfferTheDefinitionofOfferTheWithdrawalofanOfferTheRevocationofanOfferTheTerminationofanOffer2.4.2THEACCEPTANCETheDefinitionofAcceptanceAcontractisn’tformeduntiltheofferisacceptedbytheofferee.AccordingtotheCISG,astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttoanofferisanacceptance.Therefore,acceptanceisdefinedastheofferee;manifestationofhisconsentwiththetermsoftheoffer.UndertheCISG,theoffereemayaccepttheofferatanytimeaslongasitiseffectiveandanacceptancemaytaketheformofastatementoranyotherconductbytheoffereethatindicatestheofferee’sintentiontobeboundtothecontract.Butsilenceorinactivitydoesnotinitselfamounttoacceptance.REQUIREMENTSTHATAPRESENTATIONMADEBYTHEOFFEREEMUSTMEETTOCONSTITUTEANACCEPTANCEAnacceptancemustbemadebytheofferee.Anacceptancemustbemadewithintheperiodofvalidityoftheoffer.Anacceptanceshouldmatchthetermsandconditionsoftheofferexactlyandunequivocally.WITHDRAWALOFACCEPTANCEAnacceptancemaybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebecomeeffective.UndertheMail-boxrule,anacceptancebecomeseffectivewhenitissentout.Soitisnotnecessarytodiscusstheissueofwithdrawalofacceptancesinceitisnotpossible.ButunderReceiptTheory,itispossiblefortheoffereetopreventtheacceptancefrombeingeffective.BoththeCISGandtheChineseContractLawallowtheoffereetowithdrawanacceptanceaslongasthewithdrawalreachestheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebecomeeffective.FORMOFACONTRACTAcontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.Thereisaparolevidenceruleincommonlawtradition,whichmeansthatonlythefinalintegrationwillbeconsideredasthecontractbetweentwoparties,priorwritingsandoraltestimonieswillbeignored.Onlywhenthefinalexpressionisnotcompleted,itcanbesupplementedwithprior