搜索
13,220066JOURNALOFCOMMUNICATIONUNIVERSITYOFCHINASCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVol.13,No.2June2006,,,(,100024):2090,,,:(NPR);;;;:TP391.41:A:1673-4793(2006)02-0015-07AnResearchofNon-PhotorealisticRenderingTechnologySUYan-hui,WEIHuan,FEIGuang-zheng,SHIMin-yong(AnimationSchool,CommunicationUniversityofChina,Beijing100024,China)Abstract:Since1990s,Non-photorealisticrenderinghavebecomeoneofthehotspotsofthecomputergraphicsresearch.InthispaperwedescribetheresearchprocessinNPR.Thedifferencesbetweenphotorealisticandnon-photorealisticrendering,classificationsandapplicationsarediscussedaswell.Furthermoresomemainrenderingalgorithmsareintroduced.Finally,thecurrentresearchdifficultiesandthedirectionoffutureresearchareanalysised.Keywords:Non-photorealisticrendering;photorealisticrendering;shading;stroke;Non-photorealisticAnimation130,,,,,,,(),,::2005-09-11:(1980),(),,.E2mail:syh_1118@163.com22080:Strassmann[1](1986)Sasada[2](1987)90SaitoandTakahashi[3]Haeberli[4]Siggraph94,Siggraph(WinkenbachandSalesin[5]Salisbury[6]),Eurographics(Strothotte[7]),97Siggraph,1NPR1,,:QuantelPaintBox,,:,:,2D2D/2.5D,2D/2.5D,,:,NPRNPR31,,1,,,,61134:1;2(ModelbasedNPR),(ImagebasedNPR)4.1,3D2D/2.5D,22(2D/2.5D)(3D)Saitio90-Rendering3DShapesBakergem91-Free-handPlottingBuchanan96-Half-ToningLitwinowicz97-VideoProcessHertzmann98-BrushMultiSizeRasker.and.Cohen99-ImageprecisionsilhouetteedgeVeryovka99-DigitalHalftoningVeryovka.Buchanan00-Texture-BasedDitherMatricesSasada87-NaturalScenery5D93-KaTyillustrativeWinkenbach94-Pen&InkStrothotte94-FramesMeier96-PainterlyLebaredian96-CelLookClaes97-NetworkedMarkosian97-Real-timeGooch98-TechnicalIllustrationLake00-Real-time3DAnimationStrassman86-HairyBrushesHaeberli90-byNumbersLitwinowicz91-InkwellCookshott92-ModTextureHsu94-SkeletalStrokesSalisbury94-Pen&InkSchofield96-PiranesiCurtis97-CGWatercolourDeussen00-StippleDrawingTeece98-3DExpressiveSait.and.Nakajima99-3DphysicallybasedbrushmodelWilliamVBaxterandMingCLin-03interactive3DbrushModel4.1.12D/2.5D:Hertzmann[8],,,,,24.1.2Winkenbach98[9]Markosian97[10]Gooch98i[11],,,3Winkenbach(stroketextures),,linedrawing,4.1.32D/2.5D,,,,2.54curtis97[12],(glaze),712:2344.1.4Teece98[13],,,,,54.2(l)(ModelbasedNPR),(2)(ImagebasedNPR),(3)(HybridapproachNPR)8113(4),,4.3(1),,NPR,(2),,(3),,NPR,(4),:55.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6,,,6()5.2:,,,,,:(1):(,),,(2):,(),,(7)(cellularautomata,CA)CA,,5.3912:7,,,(),2-toneGooch8LakeLander:NL(N,L),8,,:NL0,,NL0,,,5.4:,:;;;;;Phong[11](Gooch98),Hamel,,:66.1,,,,6.2:,,,,6.3AI,:,,,,,,6.4,,,,,6.50213,,7,,,:[1]StrassmannS.HairyBrushes[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH86:225-232.[2]TsuyoshiTeeSasada.DrawingNaturalScenerybyComputerGraphics[A].Computer-AidedDesign,1987:212-218.[3]TakafumiSaito,TokiichiroTakahashi.ComprehensibleRenderingof3DShapes[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH90:197-206.[4]PaulHaeberli.PaintByNumbers:AbstractImageRepresentations[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH90:207-214.[5]GeorgesWinkenbachandDavidHSalesin.Computer-GeneratedPen-and-InkIllustration[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH94:91-100.[6]MikePSalisbury,SeanEAnderson,RonenBarzel,andDavidSalesin.InteractivePen-and-InkIllustration[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH94:101-108.[7]ThomasStrothotte,BernhardPreim,AndreasRaab,JuttaSchumann,andDavidRForsey.HowtoRenderFramesandInfluencePeople[R].ComputerGraphicsForum,1994,13(3):C/455-C/466.[8]AaronHertzmann.PainterlyRenderingwithCurvedBrushStrokesofMultipleSizes[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH98:453-460.[9]WinkenbachDavidHSalesin.Computer-generatedpen-and-inkillustration[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH94:91-100.[10]Markosian,LKowalskiM,TrychinSJ,BurdevLD,GoldteinDandHughesJF.Real-timenon-photorealisticrendering[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH97:415-420.[11]GoochA,GoochB,ShirleyP,CohenE.ANon-PhotorealisticLightingModelforAutomaticTechnicalIllustration[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH98:447-452.[12]CassidyJCurtis,SeanEAnderson,JoshuaESeims,KurtWFleischer,DavidHSalesin.Computergeneratedwatercolor[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH97:421-430.[13]DanielTeece.3DPaintingforNon-PhotorealisiticRendering[A].ProceedingsofSIGGRAPH98:248.[14],,.[M].:,2004.[15].[D].:,2003.(:)122: