《会计英语》Accounting01

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1ACCOUNTING会计英语赵睿琪TEL:13971203287Email:375575813@qq.com学习会计英语的方法1记忆专业词汇记忆专业词汇是学习会计英语的必经之路,没有一定的词汇量,就无法读懂专业英语,专业词汇的记忆中以会计科目的记忆为主。以美国为代表的财务会计特点中会计科目名称多具有情景反映的,即在字面上直接涉及经济业务的内容,比如购买土地、设备、建筑物等固定资产在会计上就直接记Land、Building、Equipment但在中国则是直接归结计入一个会计科目中“FixedAssets2掌握阅读翻译技巧学习会计英语的目的是要理解英文专业文献的内容,掌握专业英文知识要点,能在以后的工作或者学习中熟练运用英汉两方面的专业知识。要达到这个目的,就需要理解长句、难句和抽象的句子,学会总结归纳各断落的大意。分析长难句的方法:(1)找出句子的主谓宾,从整体上把握句子的结构。(2)找出句中所有的谓语动词、非谓语动词、不定式结构和从句的引导词,分析该句表达了几个层次的意思。(3)分析从句和短语的功能。(4)按汉语的表达习惯,将长句的从句分开叙述,然后连成一个完整的句子。Accountanthavedevisedprocedureswherebytheflowsofcashreceiptsandpaymentarespreadoveraperiodoftimeinacertainwaytoderiveincome,whichisrepresentativeoftheeconomicperformanceofthefirmforthegivenperiod.(1)主语为Accountant谓语为devised宾语为procedures(2)该句有三个谓语动词,谓语动词分别为devised、arespread、is,有1个不定时结构toderiveincome作目的状语。(3)非限定性定语从句whichisrepresentativeoftheeconomicperformanceofthefirmforthegivenperiod修饰income(4)该句表达了四层意思:会计师制定了一些程序;将现金收支分配于一定期间;以某种方式确定收益;代表企业特定期间的经营成果。会计师制定了一些程序,据此将现金收支分配于一定期间,以某种方式确定出收益,该收益代表这个企业特定期间的经营成果。3加强练习,巩固知识要真正掌握会计英语知识、从而达到熟练的程度,练习环节是必不可少的。通过练习可以牢记专业词汇,而且对于用规范的格式书写会计业务、填制会计表格,都有帮助。相关知识链接:1、会计基本职能是什么?核算和监督2、核算的具体内容是什么呢?记录企业的交易事项(TransactionsandEvents)3、这些交易事项的依据是什么?原始凭证(sourcedocuments)原始凭证的分类:销售订单采购订单收货单发货单发票收据SalesorderPurchaseorderGoodsreceivednoteGoodsdeliverynoteinvoicereceiptPracticeinchina:Vouchers:ReceiptvoucherPaymentvoucherTransfervoucherTheruleofdoubleentry复式记账原理SourcedocumentsAccountingbookkeepingAccountantspreparingaccountingentryDoubleentry?会计等式TheAccountingEquation:Assets=liabilities+owner'sequity(capital)Thepurposeofownerinvestinabusinessisseekingforreturnprofitorlossledgeraccounts(会计账户)Assetaccount:CurrentassetandNon-currentassetCashCashinbankInventoryAccountsreceivablesFixedassets......Liabilityaccounts:Short-termliabilitiesandLong-termliabilitiesShort-termloansAccountspayablesSalariespayablesTaxpayables......Equityaccounts留存收益Retainedearnings本年利润Currentyearprofits利润分配Profitdistribution......Costaccounts生产成本Costofmanufacture......ProfitandLossaccounts主营业务收入Primeoperatingrevenue产品销售收入Salesrevenue服务收入Servicerevenue主营业务成本Operatingcosts产品销售成本Costofgoodssold服务成本Costofservice......Howtopreparingaccountingentry?ABCcompanypurchasedequipmentforcashat$30000.DescriptionledgeraccountDebitamountCreditamountPurchasedequipmentEquipment30000Cash30000小贴士:在中国,会计科目(chartofaccount)几乎都是固定的,而在大多数西方国家,每个企业都有自己的会计科目,这个会计科目是在其适用的报告准则框架范围内自主设定的。补充:在求职英文简历中如何运用相关专业词汇ResumeCurriculumvitae(CV)如何正确表达以下词汇呢?初级会计师中级会计师高级会计师Accountingbookkeeper记账员Juniorstuffaccountant初级会计职员Professionalaccountant职业会计师Seniorprofessionalaccountant资深职业会计师课堂小练习(翻译以下内容)初级会计职员的工作内容如下:1.编制会计分录2.开销售单据3.应收账款催收及查对4.银行余额的调节5.成本核算和成本差异调整6.税务申报7.存货管理8.明细账查对Forajuniorstuffaccountant,yourworkas:1.Preparingaccountingentries2.Customerbilling3.ARcollectionandreconciliation4.Bankreconciliation5.Costaccountingandcostvarianceadjustment6.Taxreturn7.Inventorycoordination8.Accountsreconciliation24Lesson1AnIntroductiontoAccountingObjiectivesUnderstandaninformationsystemofaccountingApplygenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(公认会计准则的运用)Understandfinancialstatements(理解财务报表)Usetheaccountingelements(会计要素的运用)Usetheaccountingequation(会计等式的运用)AccountinginformationTheaccountingprocessDecisionmakersEconomicactivitiesActions(decisions)Accountingthinksdecisionmakerswitheconomicactivitiesandwiththeresultsoftheirdecisions.1.1Accountingisaninformationsystem26Firstidentifyeconomicevents(确认经济事项)Thenmeasuring(计量),recording(记录),summarizing(汇总),andreportingtheinformationtousersusers:Investors(投资者)Creditors(债权人)Government(政府)Labourunions(工会)Generalpublic(普通大众)1.2FormsoforganizationSoleproprietorship(独资企业)Ownedbyoneperson.Ownerispersonallyresponsibleforbusinessdebts.Partnership(合伙企业)Ownedbytwoormorepersons.Partnersarepersonallyresponsibleforallpartnershipdebts.Corporation(公司)Ownedbysharesofstock.Acorporationisaseparatelegalentity.Itisresponsibleforitsowndebts.281.3FrameworkforPreparationandpresentationoffinancialstatementsDifferentcountrieshavedifferentaccountingmodelsbecauseoflegalandeconomicconditionsWeneedaglobalaccountinglanguageforthecommunicationofrelevantandreliablefinancialinformation.IASC国际会计准则委员会–since1973IASB国际会计准则理事会–since2001291Objectivesoffinancialstatementsandunderlyingassumptions(财务报表的目标和基本假设)2Qualitativecharacteristicsoffinancialstatements(财务报表的质量特征)3Elementsoffinancialstatements(财务报表要素)4Conceptsofcapitalandcapitalmaintenance(资本以及资本保值的概念)31Someaccountingconceptsandprinciples:Businessentityprinciple(会计主体)Objectivityprinciple(客观)Costprinciple(历史成本原则)Going-concernprinciple(持续经营原则)Monetaryunitprinciple(货币计量原则)Timeperiodprinciple(会计分期)Revenuerecognitionorrealizationprinciple(收入确认原则)Matchingprinciple(配比原则)Full-disclosureprinciple(充分披露原则)Consistencyprinciple(一贯性原则)Materialityprinciple(重要性原则)Conservatismprinciple(谨慎性原则)321.4Understandingfinancialstatementsa)Theincomestatementsummarizesnetprofit(ornetloss)resultingfromrevenueslessexpenses.b)Thestatementofowner’sequityre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