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第4讲关系副词关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语；how不能作关系副词。考点1.关系副词在定语从句中常作状语1.【2015陕西】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when2.【2009重庆】Lifeislikealongrace______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where3.【2012浙江】Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich4.【2013四川】Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where考点2.theway作先行词首先要确定theway在定语从句中作什么成分。如果theway在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。①Idon’tliketheway______willcosttoomuchmoney.②Theway______hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.在句①中，theway在定语从句中作主语，因此要填关系代词that/which。在句②中，theway在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略。如果theway在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后是intheway)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：inwhich；that；省略。Theway______heansweredthequestionwassurprising.A.howB.thatC.inwhichD./E.B/C/D定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：Heansweredthequestionintheway.intheway在定语从句中作状语，因此选E。5.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich6.Thisistheonlyway______youcanfind.A.thatB./C.inwhichD.A,BandCE.AandB7.Idon’tliketheway______hespoketohismother.A.thatB./C.inwhichD.A,BandC考点3.situation,case,point,business等作先行词，关系副词常用where8.【2009浙江】Ihavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why9.【2003上海】Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where10.【2008江西】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders______consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which11.【2004湖南】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that12.【2009福建】It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where考点4.occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用whenItwasarare-indeeduniqueoccasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.考点5.when引导非限制性定语从句13.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,______forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheworldcup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when14.Therainbowcan’tbeseenatnoon,______thesunishighinthesky.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that15.Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,______itbegantorain.A.whenB.afterC.whileD.thenI.单句改错1.【2006安徽】Mostpubliclibrariesalsohaveareading-room,thatyoucansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittedtotakethemout.2.We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwhichbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.3.Therearesomereasonsfortheydothis.4.IhopeIcanbeadmittedtoagoodcollege,whichIwillhaveachancetoimprovemyEnglishfurther.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）5.【2014上海】Aftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYork,______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.6.【2013福建】Asstudents,therearemanywaysin_____youcanservethecommunity.7.【2008湖北】ThecityIgrewupisveryhotanddampinsummer.8.【2015天津】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.III.写作技能提升9.现在我们已经到了一个对我们未来非常重要的时刻，我们应当全身心地学习。（point,becriticalto,suppose,devote…to）10.有许多案例，学生课堂不听讲，最后以辍学告终。（case,dropoutof）11.一方面，我钦佩他的才能，但另一方面，我不喜欢他对待别人那种方式。（gift,theway,treat）12.我英语差的原因是我对英语不感兴趣。（thereason,beinterestedin）13.正常情况下，我们10点到家，这时大多数人已经睡着了。（normally,gotosleep）第5讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.作宾语时可省略；B.可用that;C.可用who代替whom；D.可用whyA.不可省;B.不用that;C.不用who代替whom;D.why要换为forwhich考点1限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。如：①Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）②Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）③Ilostmymoneythatday,forwhichIhadtowalkhome.(非限制性，forwhich不能换为why，which代指前面“Ilostmymoneythatday.”这句话)④Hemetwithaprettygirlinthepark,whomhefellinloveatfirstsight.(非限制性，whom不能换为who)B.当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：①CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。②Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。③Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。练习翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。1.Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.2.HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.3.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.4.Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,isthecaptainoftheirfootballteam.考点1.as,which引导的非限制性定语从句A.as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)Taiwan,asyouknow,isapartofChina.(as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面)B.as引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为否定时不能用as。Shefailedtheexamagain,aswasunexpected.×Shefailedtheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.√C.as,which可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。H