6-定语从句-1-老师

定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题第1讲关系词的选择技巧考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，theboy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P.10考点5）。iii.代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）B.关系代词i.指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.ii.指物时可以用which,也可用that。Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.iii.whose可以指人也可以指物。Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.iv.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?注：（）表示关系代词省略C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：①Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.②Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.③Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.④ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)基础过关1.用合适的关系词完成句子。①Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.②Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.③Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.④I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.⑤Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.⑥Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.⑦Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.⑧Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？⑨Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.⑩Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：___定语从句:（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).①Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.②Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？③Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.④Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.⑤TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.⑥ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.⑦Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.⑧Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.⑨Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.⑩Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?考点2.关系词的选择技巧A.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句．．．．中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。①HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.②Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.③Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.④Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句①和句②中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句③和句④中，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句①和句③中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句②和句④中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。B.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1.找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。2.还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）3.替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：①Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.②Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.③Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2.that/which；3.whereC.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why3.Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what4.Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose5.Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what8.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB9.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where10.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that11.Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich12.Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich13.Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich14.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that15.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that16.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allow