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定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题第1讲关系词的选择技巧考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为和。(例句中，是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用i.ii.iii.B.关系代词i.指人时可以用。Doyouknowtheboyismydeskmate?ThemanwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.ii.指物时可以用,也可以用。Ilikevisitingplacesarenotfaraway.HowdoyoulikethefilmwasshownlastSunday.iii.whose可以指。Hewasapainterpictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreeleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.iv.关系代词作时可以省略。Ilikethemealwehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywetalkedaboutjustnow?C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作。when指，where指，why指，how不能作关系词。如：①Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweektheweathermaybebetter.②Hehasreachedthepointachangeisneeded.③Thatisnoreasonyoushouldleave.基础过关1.用合适的关系词完成句子。①Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.②Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.③Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.④I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.⑤Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.⑥Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.⑦Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.⑧Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？⑨Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.⑩Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：___定语从句:（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).①Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.②Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？③Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.④Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.⑤TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.⑥ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.⑦Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.⑧Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.⑨Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.⑩Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?考点2.关系词的选择技巧A.选用哪个关系词，关键是看含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。①HeworkedinthefactoryproducesTVsets.②Heworkedinthefactoryhisfatherhadworked.③Iliketheschoolisneartomyhome.④Iliketheschoolmysisterstudies.B.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1.找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。2.还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）3.替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：①Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.②Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.③Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。C.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why3.Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what4.Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose5.Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what8.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB9.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where10.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that11.Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich12.Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich13.Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich14.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that15.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that16.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who17.【2012江西】By16:30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that18.【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whomI.单句改错1.【2010重庆】Firstly,afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.2.【2010重庆】Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.3.【2006江西】Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4.Ioftenthinkofthedayswhenwespentontheislandtogether.5.Thisisthemuseumwhereyouvisitedtheotherday.6.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,whereIlefttenyearsago?II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）7.【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybeyouhaveahabit______isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.8.【2014广东】Thenextday,mybrothe