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为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)可编程控制器背景知识1、历史上世纪60年代，计算机技术已开始应用于工业控制了。但由于计算机技术本身的复杂性，编程难度高、难以适应恶劣的工业环境以及价格昂贵等原因，未能在工业控制中广泛应用。当时的工业控制，主要还是以继电—接触器组成控制系统。1968年，美国最大的汽车制造商——通用汽车制造公司（GM），为适应汽车型号的不断翻新，试图寻找一种新型的工业控制器，以尽可能减少重新设计和更换继电器控制系统的硬件及接线、减少时间，降低成本。因而设想把计算机的完备功能、灵活及通用等优点和继电器控制系统的简单易懂、操作方便、价格便宜等优点结合起来，制成一种适合于工业环境的通用控制装置，并把计算机的编程方法和程序输入方式加以简化，用“面向控制过程，面向对象”的“自然语言”进行编程，使不熟悉计算机的人也能方便地使用。即：硬件：减少软件：灵活简单为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)针对上述设想，通用汽车公司提出了这种新型控制器所必须具备的十大条件：1编程简单，可在现场修改程序2维护方便，最好是插件式3可靠性高于继电器控制柜4体积小于继电器控制柜5可将数据直接送入管理计算机6在成本上可与继电器控制柜竞争7输入可以是交流115V8输出可以是交流115V，2A以上，可直接驱动电磁阀9在扩展时，原有系统只要很小变更10用户程序存储器容量至少能扩展到4K字节1969年，美国数字设备公司（GEC）首先研制成功第一台可编程序控制器，并在通用汽车公司的自动装配线上试用成功，从而开创了工业控制的新局面。接着，美国MODICON公司也开发出可编程序控制器084。1971年，日本从美国引进了这项新技术，很快研制出了日本第一台可编程序控制器DSC-8。1973年，西欧国家也研制出了他们的第一台可编程序控制器。我国从1974年开始研制，1977年开始工业应用。早期的可编程序控制器是为取代继电器控制线路、存储程序指GM10条为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayo