1美军军衔制度及部队编制体制(RankandOrganizationSystemoftheU.S.Army)军衔是军队中区分军阶(Rank)高低的标志。军衔在军服着装中有着不可替代的作用。美军军阶等级森严,下级必须服从上级,以此保证军队管理和作战需求。美军现役军官按照军衔分为正规军官(officer)和准尉军官(warrantofficer)两大类。所有正规军官军由总统任命,经国会批准后生效。正规军官共10级,由高到低依次为:(五星上将)上将、中将、少将、准将;上校、中校、少校;上尉、中尉、少尉。对应职务分别为(总统是全国武装力量总司令,国防部长是最高军事长官,但属于文职人员,不授军衔):参谋长联席会议主席、军种参谋长、战区司令官为上将;军种副参谋长、军长、舰队司令为中将;师长、航空母舰特混部队司令为少将;副师长、独立旅旅长为准将;团长、空军联队长、舰长为上校;营长、舰艇中队长为中校;副营长、舰艇分队长为少校;连长为上尉;副连长为中尉;排长为少尉。准尉由三军军种部准尉审选委员会在现役、预备役士兵、文职及志愿转为准尉军官的少尉以上军官中择优选拔,一般从事较复杂的专业技术工作,如担任陆军直升机驾驶员,飞机、火炮、舰艇、战斗车辆的维修技师、导弹操作手、海军与海军陆战队的水手长、轮机长、军械师等。陆军和海军陆战队的准尉军官共5级,由低至高依次为:一级、二级、2三级、四级、五级准尉;海军的准尉军官只有4级,空军没有准尉军官。一、美军军官(Officer)军衔构成五星上将-------------------------------Generalofthearmy;GeneraloftheArmy;FleetAdmiral上将-------------------------------------General;general;admiral(海军)中将-------------------------------------Lieutenantgeneral;lieutenantgeneral;viceadmiral少将-------------------------------------Majorgeneral,majorgeneral;rearadmiral准将-------------------------------------BrigadierGeneral;brigadiergeneral;commodore上校-------------------------------------Colonel;colonel;captain中校-------------------------------------Lieutenantcolonel;lieutenantcolonel;commander少校-------------------------------------Major;major;lieutenantcommander上尉-------------------------------------Captain;captain;lieutenant中尉-------------------------------------Lieutenant;lieutenant;3lieutenantjuniorgrade少尉-------------------------------------Secondlieutenant;secondlieutenant;ensign准尉-------------------------------------Warrantofficer;XXX;warrantofficer二、美军士兵(Enlistedsoldier)军衔构成:美军现役士兵按照军衔分为10级,由低至高分别为:三等兵、二等兵、一等兵、下士、中士、上士、三级军士长、二级军士长、一级军士长、总军士长。通常美军部队中的“兵”指下士(含下士)以下军衔的士兵(enlistedsoldier),下士以上军衔的士兵被称为“士官”(non-commissionedofficer)。士官一般具有部队生活经验和专业技术技能,是士兵中的骨干力量。他们通常担任班、组、小分队的领导和技术骨干。军士长则不仅具有部队生活经验和专业技术,还具有一定的领导组织和管理能力。他们负责协助指挥官组织士兵驯良,管理和教育士兵。美军有士兵的专业技术部门都配有军士长。营、连、排分别配有二级军士长和三级军士长,营以上各级部队、军事院校等单位配有一级军士长。各军种还设有一名总军士长。总军士长作为各军种部长和军种参谋长(海军作战部长)的高级士兵顾问,负责本军种全体士兵的管理和教育。(1)陆军士兵军衔4三等兵---------------------PrivateE-1(PV1)(noInsignia)二等兵----------------------PrivateE-2(PV2)一等兵----------------------------------PrivateFirstClass(PFC)下士-------------------------------------Corporal(CPL)/Specialist(SPC)中士-------------------------------------Sergeant(SGT)上士-------------------------------------StaffSergeant(SSG)三级军士长----------------------------SergeantFirstClass(SFC)二级军士长----------------------------MasterSergeant(MSG)/FirstSergeant(1SG)一级军士长----------------------------SergeantMajor(SGM)/CommandSergeantMajor(CSM)总级军士长---------------------------SergeantMajoroftheArmy(SMA)(2)空军士兵军衔三等兵---------------------AirmanBasic(AB)(noInsignia)二等兵----------------------Airman(Amn)一等兵----------------------------------AirmanFirstClass(A1C)下士-------------------------------------SeniorAirman(SrA)5中士-------------------------------------StaffSergeant(SSgt)上士-------------------------------------TechnicalSergeant(TSgt)三级军士长----------------------------MasterSergeant(MSgt)二级军士长----------------------------Seniormastersergeant(SMSgt)一级军士长----------------------------ChiefMasterSergeant(CMSgt)总级军士长---------------------------ChiefMasterSergeantoftheAirforce(CMSAF)(3)海军士兵军衔三等兵---------------------SeamanRecruit(SR)(noInsignia)二等兵----------------------SeamanApprentice(SA)一等兵----------------------------------Seaman(SN)下士-------------------------------------PettyOfficerThirdClass(PO3)中士-------------------------------------PettyOfficerSecondClass(PO2)上士-------------------------------------PettyOfficerFirstclass(PO1)三级军士长----------------------------ChiefPettyOfficer6(CPO)二级军士长----------------------------SeniorChiefPettyOfficer(SCPO)一级军士长----------------------------MasterChiefPettyOfficer(MCPO)总级军士长----------------------------MasterChiefPettyOfficeroftheNavy(MCPON)(4)海岸警卫队士兵军衔三等兵---------------------SeamanRecruit(SR)二等兵----------------------SeamanApprentice(SA)一等兵-------------------------------Seaman(SN)下士----------------------------------PettyOfficerThirdClass(PO3)中士----------------------------------PettyOfficerSecondClass(PO2)上士----------------------------------PettyOfficerFirstclass(PO1)三级军士长-------------------------ChiefPettyOfficer(CPO)二级军士长-------------------------SeniorChiefPettyOfficer(SCPO)一级军士长-------------------------MasterChiefPettyOfficer(MCPO)7总级军士长-------------------------MasterChiefPettyOfficeroftheCoastGuard(MCPO-CG)(5)海军陆战队士兵军衔三等兵---------------------Private(Pvt)(noInsignia)二等兵----------------------PrivateFirst(PFC)一等兵----------------------------------LanceCorporal(LCpl)下士-------------------------------------Corporal(Cpl)中士-------------------------------------Sergeant(Sgt)上士-------------------------------------StaffSergeant(SSgt)三级军士长----------------------------GunnerySergeant(GySgt)二级军士长----------------------------MasterSergeant(MSgt)一级军士长----------------------------MasterGunnerySergeant(MGySgt)总级军士长---------------------------SergeantMajoroftheMarineCorps(SgtMajMC)三、美军编制NameNumberLeaderSquad(班)4-10StaffSergeant(上士)8Platoon(排)16-40,3+squadsLieutenant(中尉)Company,Battery(连)100-200,3+