搜索
成绩课程设计报告设计题目步进电机控制系统设计课程名称计算机控制技术B姓名学号班级自动化0803教师设计日期2011年7月8日计算机控制技术课程设计报告-I-步进电机控制系统设计摘要步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点。使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。微电子学的迅速发展和微型计算机的普及与应用，为步进电动机的应用开辟了广阔前景，使得以往用硬件电路构成的庞大复杂的控制器得以用软件实现，既降低了硬件成本又提高了控制的灵活性，可靠性及多功能性。在当今社会的各个领域步进电机无处不在，应用领域涉及机器人、工业电子自动化设备、医疗器件、广告器材、舞台灯光设备、印刷设备、计算机外部应用设备等等。本设计采用8088CPU对步进电机进行控制，通过8255I/O口输出的具有时序的方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过驱动芯片驱动步进电机；实现步进电机正反运转以及变速运转。关键词：步进电机；脉冲信号；8088CPU；步进电机控制系统设计-II-DesignforStepperMotorControlSystemAbstractSteppermotoristheelectricpulsesignalintoangulardisplacementorlineardisplacementoftheopen-loopcontrolcomponents.Inthecaseofnon-overloaded,themotorspeed,stoppingonlydependsonthelocationofpulsefrequencyandpulsenumber,regardlessofloadchanges,thatis,toaddapulsemotor,themotoristurnedastepangle.Theexistenceofthislinearrelationship,withonlyperiodicerrorofthesteppermotorwithouttheaccumulationoferrorsandsoon.Makesthespeed,positionandothercontrolareastocontrolthesteppermotorbecomesverysimple.Therapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandmicro-computerpopularizationandapplication,theapplicationforthesteppermotoropensupbroadprospectsformakingthepastwithlargeandcomplexhardwarecircuitsofthecontrollercanbeimplementedinsoftware,notonlyreducesthehardwarecostandimprovethecontrolflexibility,reliabilityandversatility.Intoday'ssociety,everywhereinallareasofthesteppermotor,theapplicationfieldsofrobotics,automationequipment,industrialelectronics,medicaldevices,advertisingequipment,stagelightingequipment,printingequipment,computerequipmentandsotheexternalapplication.Thisdesignuses8088CPUthesteppermotorcontrolthrough8255I/Oportoutputwiththetimingofthesquarewaveasasteppermotorcontrolsignal,thesignalthroughthedriverchiptodriveasteppermotor;toachievepositiveandnegativesteppermotorandvariablespeedoperation.KeyWords：Steppermotor；pulsesignal；8088CPU计算机控制技术课程设计报告-III-目录摘要...................................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................................II第1章步进电机基本简介...................................................................................................11.1步进电机发展现状.....................................................................................................11.2步进电机工作原理.....................................................................................................11.3步进电机的特点.........................................................................................................11.4步进电机换相、转向及加/减速控制方案................................................................21.5步进电机工作方式.....................................................................................................2第2章系统硬件设计...........................................................................................................32.1设计思路.....................................................................................................................32.2芯片介绍.....................................................................................................................32.2.18088CPU...........................................................................................................32.2.28255A................................................................................................................72.2.3ULN2803...........................................................................................................92.3模块连接图.................................................................................................................92.4硬件原理图(见附录A)..............................................................................................9第3章软件设计.................................................................................................................103.1软件算法...................................................................................................................103.2程序流程图...............................................................................................................113.3源程序.......................................................................................................................12总结..................................................................................................................................15参考文献...............................................................................................错误!未定义书签。附录A硬件原理图................................................................................................................17计算机控制技术课程设计报告-1-第1章步进电机简介1.1步进电机发展现状步进电机是机电一体化产品中的关键组件之一，是一种性能良好的数字执行元件，随着计算机应用技术、电子技术和自动控制技术在国民经济各个领域中的普及与深入，步进电机的需求量越练越大。随着工业技术的不断发展，以及同类产品的不断出现，步进电机面临着前所未有的挑战。但近30年来，数字技术、计算机技术和永磁材料的迅速发展，推动步进电机的发展，为步进电机的应用开辟了广阔的前景，近几年来，步进电机需求量一直呈现出较快的增长速度，其中扫描仪、打印机、传真、DVD-ROM/CD-ROM驱动器、空调及多功能自动化办公设备等应用对步进电机的需求增长最强。此外由于USB2.0的日益流行促进