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介词：介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分介词短语=介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）根据词形，介词分为三类：1简单介词：in,on,from,at,for合成介词：upon,into,onto,inside,without成语介词：由两个以上单词合成。infrontof,inthemiddleof,ontopof一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式1.动词+介词looklike;lookat;talkto;thinkof2.be+形容词+介词besurprisedat;beafraidof3.be+名词+介词bemadatsb;thekeyto;thewayto4.介词+名词atwork;athome;atschool;atlast;onthefarm5.介词+名词+介词infrontof;attheageof;attheendof6.介词+动名词短语afterleavingschool;afterfinishingit7.介词+代词forher;fromeachother;afterhim8.其他词+介词insteadof;becauseof;accordingto举例：1.Shelookslikehermother.2.Yourcoatlooksverynice.What’sitmadeof?3.Wouldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothebank?4.Myfatherisworkingattheoffice.5.Don’tstandinfrontofthecar.It’stoodangerous.6.Pleasetideyourschoolbagbeforeleavingschool.7.Itisdangerousforhertoswimalong.8.Whataniceday!WeshouldgosightseeinginsteadofwatchingTVinthehotel.常用介词用法：in的用法：1.inonat的用法区别：in表示一日中上午、下午、晚上或周、月、季、年on表示日、周日或特定某日中的一段时间at表示点钟，一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜等intheevening,intheweek,inAugust,inspring,in2013,inthreedaysonMonday,onMaythefirst,onarainyday,onJuly10,2013atfive,atnight,2.inintoinside的用法区别；Hespentabout21hoursinspace.Chinasentamanintospace.YangLiweiwasinside.in的用法比较多，在这里只讲这三个有共同的意识：‘在...里’的区别in在上面句子里是介词，表示‘在...里’into强调由外及内的过程，而in不强调inside‘在...里面’，有名词，介词，形容词，副词用法，在上面句子里是名词，而in不能表示这种意识3.in与after的用法区别；Wewentthereinsixdays.(过去时中in表....时间内)Wewentthereaftersixdays.(过去时中after表....时间后)Weoftendoourhomeworkafterschool.(固定词组,afterclass;aftersupper等)Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.(after+动名词)Hewillcomeintwodays.(将来时中in表....时间后)Hewillcomewithintwodays.(将来时within表....时间内)Mymotheroftengoestoworkafter8o’clock.(现在时中after+时间点表....时间后)4.in,on在…上on表示两个物体的接触，但不表深度，如墙上的黑板、地图、图画in表示在…上必须具有某种深度，如墙上的门、窗、洞等on打在某人的头上、腿上、鼻子上等in打在某人的（脸上、腹部等）onthetree树上长出的东西inthetree用来指外界的人、动物在树上5.inwith的用法：in后所用的材料inink;inpencil;Don’twritealetterinpencil.with后加所用的工具Hedoeshishomeworkwithapencil.6.indresswearThegirlinthehatismyfriend.(in或bein表状态)Shehadonareddress.(haveon表状态)Heoftenwearsasweater.(wear表状态)Hereisacoatforyou.You’dbetterputiton.(puton表动作)Shegotupanddressedherselfquickly.(dresssb或dressoneself既表动作又表状态)7.intime和ontime的区别Wewerejustintimeforthebus.及时Thetrainarrivedontime.准时8.inbed,onthebed的区别Heisill.Heisinbedallday.卧床，睡觉Aniceboxisonthebed.床上躺着休息或某物在床上9.inonto的区别Chinaisintheeastoftheworld.(in表示在某一地区之内的某方位)KoreaisontheeastofChina.(on表示与某地相邻)JapanistotheeastofChina.(to表示在某一地区之外的某方位).TaiwanisinthesouthofChina.（台湾和大陆虽然以海相隔，但是我国的一个省，要用in）10.inthestreet和onthestreet的用法表示“在街上”时，英国常用前者，美国常用后者11.inhospitalinthehospitalSheisinhospital.在住院Sheisinthehospital.在医院工作12.inschool在学习atschool在学校；在上课其他词组：keepinmind牢记beincontactwith和…联系with的用法：用…工具writewithapencutwithknifefillwithseewithoureyes表示伴随状态withawordwithasmilebringsthwithsbtakesthwithsb固定搭配：withthehelpofbebusywith重点句：Afterthefinalexam,Peter,withherparents,isgoingtotraveltoCanadainsteadofstayingathomeallthetime.by的用法：by表示“到…之前”byseveno’clockbynowbytheendoflastyearbyyesterdaybythenBytomorrow,I’llhavetheoutstanding(出售)fivepercent.到了明天，我将得到未出售的百分之五。by表示“乘…交通工具，用…方式或方法”bybusbyheartbyseabytrainbycarbyshipbyboatbyairbyoneselfbythewayon,by用法：onabike;on与the,one’s,或a这类限定词连用bybike;bytrain不加限定词by,beside,near,beyond的用法区别：by靠近，在…近旁beside在…旁边，其距离远于“by”near在附近，距离远于beside，而且范围大beyond在…以外练习一：用by,beside,near,beyond填空1.Thelittlegirlissitting_____hermother.2.Thereisawhitecar______ourschool.3.Manyshopsare______ourhome.4._______ourcitythereisariver.练习二：1.Thepostofficeis_______thepolicestationandthelibrary.A.betweenB.amongC.in2.Theoldwomanlives_____asmallvillage.Itis______twohills.A.in,amongB.at,amongC.at,betweenD.in,between3.Ican’tfinishmywork_______yourhelp.A.withB.withoutC.in4.Thankyou____________metohavedinner.A.forinviteB.ofinviteC.forinviting5.Hewouldliketowalk______thejungle(丛林)onvacation.A.acrossB.crossC.through6.It’sdangeroustogo_______thestreetnow.A.acrossB.crossC.through7.Theyoungmanwalked_____theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.A.acrossB.crossC.through8.Whyareyoustanding,Alice?-Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting____me.A.behindB.nexttoC.infrontof9.Ifyoudothings_____,usuallyyoucan’tdothemwell.A.inahurryB.fromnowonC.justnow10.Shehadtosellthehouseeventhoughitwas_____herownwishes.A.aboveB.againstC.for11.Whataniceday!Weshouldgosightseeing_____watchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwith12.Yourcoatlooksverynice.What’sitmade______?-Cotton,anditismade_____Wuhan.A.from,inB.of,inC.from,on13.-Whenandwhereyouborn?-Iwasborn____October1st,1998____Suzhou.A.on,onB.in,inC.on,in14.Ireallycan’tseeanything.Hisheadis____ofmyview.A.onthewayB.bythewayC.intheway15.Therewillbemanyrobots____people’shomes____tenyears.A.in,/B.in,inC.in,after16.Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday____MrWhite.Why?-Becausehewasonduty.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptfor17.It’sverykind____themtopickmeupattherailwaystationanddrivemehome.A.forB.toC.of18.AUFOlanded___theCenterStreet.A.atB.onC.in19._____theSpringFestival,theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrom_____backhome.A.During,goingB.In,goC.On,goes20.Thinkitover_______youwritetheanswer.A.beforeB.afterC.on答案：练习一：1.by,2.beside,3.near,4.beyond练习二：1.A2.D3