UWB李艳芳1,杨拉明2(1.西安铁路职业技术学院陕西西安710014;2.西安西电光电缆有限责任公司陕西西安710082):为了实现高精度定位的需求,对无线通信的超宽带定位技术进行了研究。根据美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)的研究,分析了无线定位技术的研究现状,并介绍了超宽带信号的定义和常用的无线定位技术。最后结合对几种无线定位技术的分析,给出了适合超宽带网络的定位技术。分析结果表明,基于UWB的定位技术比传统的定位技术的定位精度高。:超宽带(UWB);无线定位;精确定位;精度:TN914:A1674-6236(2014)08-0139-03WirelesspositioningtechnologybasedonUWBLIYan-fang1,YANGLa-ming2(1.Xi’anRailwayVocationalandTechnicalCollege,Xi’an710014,China;2.Xi’anXDCableCO.,LTD.,Xi’an710082,China)Abstract:Inordertosatisfytherequirementofhighlypositioningaccuracy,ultrawideband(UWB)positioningtechnologyinwirelesscommunicationisstudied.AccordingtotheresearchofFederalCommunicationsCommission,researchsituationofwirelesspositioningtechnologyisanalyzed.Definitionofultrawidebandsignalandcommonlyusedinwirelesslocationtechnologyareintroduced.Finally,Combinedwithanalysisofseveralwirelesspositioningtechnology,positioningtechnologiesthatfitultra-widebandnetworksaregiven.Theanalysisresultshowthatultrawideband(UWB)positioningtechnologyhavehighpositioningaccuracythanthetraditionpositioningtechnology.Keywords:UltraWideBand;wirelesspositioning;precisepositioning;accuracy:2013-08-12:201308084:李艳芳(1983—),女,陕西韩城人,硕士,助教。研究方向:宽带通信网。,。(GPS[1]:GlobalPositioningSystem)。,,。(UWB:UltraWideBand)、、,,。UWB,,,。。1UWB(UWB),,GHz。[2],(、)。(FCC:FederalCommunicationsCommission),。1)=2(fH-fL)fH+fL=fH-fLfC20%,fH、fL,(fH-fL),fc=(fH+fL)/2。2)≥500MHz(3.1~10.6GHz)2,[3]:(RSSI)、(AOA)、(TOA)(TDOA)。1)(RSSI)(RSSI),,。,。UWB,RSSId赞,d赞RSSI[4]ElectronicDesignEngineering22Vol.228No.820144Apr.2014-139-《》2014年第8期Var(d赞)姨≥ln1010σshnpd(1),d,np,σsh。(1),。,RSSI,UWB,。2)(AOA)(AOA)。,、。,。AOAUWB:UWB,,,;,UWB。3)(TOA)(TOA)。,,。UWB,,d赞,d赞TOA,Var(d赞)姨≥c22姨πRSNR姨β(2),c,RSNR,β,:β=∞-∞乙f2|S(f)|2df∞-∞乙|S(f)|2dfffffffffffffffffff1/2(3),S(f)。TOA。UWB,,UWBTOA。4)(TDOA)(TDOA),。d,。k(k≥3),,(4)。,NiNjDjiDji、Nj,Ni(N1,…,Nk)(D1i,…,Dki)k。(X2-Xi)2+(Y2-Yi)2姨+(X1-Xi)2+(Y1-Yi)2姨(X3-Xi)2+(Y3-Yi)2姨+(X2-Xi)2+(Y2-Yi)2姨M(Xk-Xi)+(Yk-Yi)2姨+(Xk-1-Xi)+(Yk-1-Yi)2姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨=D2i-D1iD3i-D2iMDki-D(K-1)i姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨姨(4)TOA,TDOA,,[5]。,TOATDOA。,,。3UWB,,UWB,GHz[6],,TOATDOAUWB。,TOAUWB。TOAσ2,ML,,σ2Cramer-Rao:σ2=N02+∞-∞乙(2πf)2|P(f)|2df(5)p(t)ESD|P(t)|2,|P(t)|2=G0f∈[fL,fH]∪[-fL,-fH]0∪(6)(5):σ2=3N016π2G0B(f2H+fHfL+f2L)(7)B=fH-fL。UWB,3.1~10.6GHzFCCPSD,T=1.33×10-10s,B=7.5GHz,fH=10.6GHz,fL=3.1GHz,G0=4.93×10-24J/HzN0≌2×10-20W/Hz,(7):σ2=6.63×10-29(8):cσ2=2.44×10-6m。,,。4,UWBMATLAB。,1×10-8s10×10-8s,100m×100m、200m×200m、400m×400m、600m×600m,MATLABUWBTOATOA,,1。,,UWBTOATOA,;UWBTOATOA,-140-,UWBTDOA,UWBTOA。5,,TOATDOA,,MATLAB,,UWB,。:[1]ElliotKtD,ChristopherHJ.GPS原理与应用[M].2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.[2]陈国东.超宽带无线通信系统及若干关键技术研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学,2007.[3]王海东,孙利民.无线传感器网络的定位机制[J].计算机科学,2006,33(4):36-37WANGHai-dong,SUNLi-min.Astudyoflocalizationmechanismsinwirelesssensornetworks[J].ComputerScience,2006,33(4):36-37.[4]WANGKun,WUMeng.DBLAR:Adistance-basedlocation-aidedroutingforMANET[J].JournalofElectronics,2009,26(2):152-160.[5]肖竹,王勇超,等.超宽带定位研究与应用:回顾和展望[J].电子学报,2011,39(1):133-139.XIAOZhu,WANGYong-chao,etal.Developmentandprospectofultrawidebandlocalizationresrerchandapplication[J].ActaElectronicaSinica,2011,39(1):133-139.[6]AhmadianZ,LampeL.PerformanceAnalysisoftheIEEE802.15.4aUWBsystem[J].IEEETransactionsonCommunications,2009,57(5):55-62.1Fig.1Therelationshipwithnodedistributionrangeandpositioningerror2UWBFig.2Theinfluenceofsignal-to-noiseratioontwokindsofUWBpositioning,。TOATDOAUWB,,MATLABUWB,2。,李艳芳,等基于UWB的无线定位技术-141-