医学英语PPT

ImmunologyThetermwascoinedbyRussianbiologistIlyaIlyichMechnikovwhoadvancedstudiesonimmunologyandreceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisworkin1908ÉlieMetchnikoff,c.190891班汪玖琳EtymologicalrootofimmunologyThetermimmunization,originallyderivedfromtheLatin-wordimmuniswasintendedtomeanexemptionfromchargesandalsoimpliedprotectionfromtheepidemic.TheimportantlymphoidorgansTheimportantlymphoidorgansoftheimmunesystemarethethymusandbonemarrow,andchieflymphatictissuessuchasspleen,tonsils,lymphvessels,lymphnodes,adenoids,andliver.•blowthepowderofsmallpoxscabsintopeople'snose90班王馨琪Inthe15thcentury,thisvaccinewasintroducedtotheMiddleEast.intracutaneousinjection•EDWARDJENNER(1749-1823)1796Thefirstsmallpoxvaccination•1880--LouisPasteurcreatedthebacillusanthracisattenuatedvaccineandrabiesvaccine•1883--E.Metchnikoffdiscoveredthephagocytosisofwhitebloodcells•1890--E.Vonberingdiscovereddiphtheriaantitoxiy•1894--J.Bordetfoundcomplement•1901--theterm“immunology”firstappearedinIndexmedicus•1916--JournalofImmunologyfirstpublished•FrankMacfarlaneBurnet•in1958,putforwardthecloneselectiontheoryLouisPasteurSciencehasnonationalboundaries,butscholarshavetheirowncountry90班刁美娟Themainachievement•Negativemicrobesnaturallyoccur•Thegermofdiseasesays•Pasteurization（巴氏灭菌法）•Rabiesvaccine（狂犬病疫苗）•DoublecrystalphenomenonPasteurizationRabiesvaccinePasteurinstituteMedicalnews转移性肺癌免疫治疗Immunotherapyformetastaticlivercancer①Metastaticlungcancer(转移性肺癌)②Latestresearchfindings③Researchsignificance91班赵玉琳，刘兰Metastaticlungcancer转移性肺癌①Definition②Therapeuticmethod––immunotherapyLatestresearchfindings①DoctorMarkRubinstein②Newtreatmentmethod③ExperimentalresultsofanewmethodoftreatmentResearchsignificance①Increaseinlifespan②Newdrugsneedtobeimprovedbeforetheycanbeusedclinically.JobBurnoutKnowtheSignsandSymptomsBurnoutisastateofphysical,emotionalandmentalexhaustionthathaslongbeenexposedtodemandingworkenvironments.by刘春香王成春ThereasonofbeingmorepronetoburnoutLackaproperbalancebetweenworkandlife.TrytobeeverythingtoeveryoneAmonotonousjobWorkinthehelpingprofessionsSomesymptomsofburnout•Bemorecynical,criticalandsarcastic•Losetheabilitytoexperiencejoy•Becomemoreirritableandlesspatient•Lacktheenergytobeconsistentlyproductive•Betroubledbyheadaches,neckpainorlowerbackpainLackofcontrolUncleaerjobexpectationsDysfunctionalworkplacedynamicsMismatchinvaluesPoorjobfitExtremsofactivity①Talktoyoursupervisorormentor②Seeyourdoctororamentalprofessional③Consideranalternativejob•Whoinventedthefirstsmallpoxvaccination?•LouisPasteurdiscoverywhichkindofvaccine？--EdwardJenner--rabiesvaccine