学位英语试题课堂精讲四:翻译技巧英译汉:词义的选择、引申和褒贬1.注意词性和词义搭配(1)Todeveloptheinstrument,manyexpertswereinvited.为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。(2)Thecountry’sindustryhasdevelopedquicklyinthelastdecade.过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。(3)Hesavesmoneyagainsttherainyday.他存钱以备不时之用。(4)Wemustnotcrossthestreetagainstthelight.我们不能不顾交通信号灯就横穿马路。(表示“违反”)(5)Hisappearanceisagainsthim.他的外表对他不利。(表示“不利于”)2.注意具体词义抽象化和抽象词义具体化(1)Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.我不是那种让感情支配理智的人。(2)Thereismoretotheirlifethanpoliticalandsocialandeconomicproblem,morethantransienteverydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题,远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。3.注意褒义译法(1)TheseaaddssomethingtotheappearanceofQingdao.大海给青岛海滨增添了几分美色。(2)Theypredictedtheyouthwouldhaveabrightfuture.他们说,这个年轻人会有一个锦绣前程。(褒)(3)Theenemykilledoneofourcomrades,andwekilledanenemyagent.敌人杀害了我们一位同志,(褒)我们宰了一个特务。(贬)4.注意贬义译法(1)Thereissomethingbehind,Ithink.我看这里面有文章(名堂)。(贬)(2)Hethinkshimselftobesomething,butactuallyheisnothing.他自认为是个了不起的人,(褒)但实际上他是个小人物。(贬)(3)Itwasmid-augustandthesubjectfordiscussionwasthefutureofterrorists.当时是八月中旬,他们讨论的题目是恐怖主义的下场英译汉:增译法Ⅰ.LexicalAmplificationAddingVerbs(增加原文暗含的动词)1.Sciencedemandsofmengreateffortandcompletedevotion.人们要掌握科学,必须付出巨大的努力并对之怀有无限的热爱。2.Mywork,myfamilyandmyfriendsweremorethanenoughtofillmytime.我干工作,做家务,朋友往来,这些占用了我的全部时间。AddingAdj.andAdv.(增加形容词和副词)1.Factsaretoscientistaswordsaretothepoets.事实对于科学家正如文字于诗人一样重要。2.Hestoleaglanceattheprettygirlwalkingalongsidewithhim.他偷偷地瞥了她一眼。AddingNouns(增加名词)A.不及物动词后加名词Makeascheduleorchartofyoutimeandfillincommittedtimesuchaseating,playing,meetings,classes,etc.作一个时间表,然后,将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。B.在形容词前面加名词Hiswifethinksthatthisfurnitureistooexpensiveand,moreoverlooksveryugly.他妻子认为,这件家具价格昂贵而且外表难看。C,抽象名词后加范畴名词Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。D.当具体名词表达某种抽象概念IamreadingLuXun我在读鲁迅的作品。AddingSummarizingwords(增加概括词)Chinaiswillingtoexchangeviewswithanycountries,politically,culturallyandeconomically.中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面进行交流。Addingqualifiers(增加量词)A.可数名词的量词1.Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon(新月).一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云层里去了。2.Repeattheexperimentusingawoodenruler,apieceofglass,acoin,apieceofpaper,andapin.用一把木尺,一块玻璃,一枚硬币,一张纸和一个大头针,重做这个实验。Addingwordsindicatingthepluralform(表示复数的词)Isawbubblesrisingfromunderthewater.我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。Themountainswerecoveredwithsnow.群山白雪皑皑。Ithasbeencelebratedasasceniclandmarkinalldynasties.历朝历代,西湖都被誉为风景胜地。Addingwordsindicatingtense(表示时态的词)1.OnceIwashisboss,butnowheismine.我一度曾是他的上司;不过现在是他领导我。2.Chinahasbeenimplementingthebirthcontrolpolicyoverthepastdecades.过去几十年来,中国一直在推行计划生育政策。转译法练习一、名词转译动词1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。2.I'mafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.MywifeisabetterteacherthanI.恐怕我不能教你游泳,我妻子比我教得好。3.Thenewstonightmadenomentionoftheseriousrobbery.今晚的新闻报道没提到这桩严重的抢劫案。二、介词转换为动词Thestreetrunswestward,acrossagreatbridge,downahillandupagain,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.这条大街向西而去,跨过一座大桥,延伸下坡后又上坡,又越过了几幢平房,最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。三、形容词转换为动词Itwasaveryinformativemeeting.会上透露了许多信息。Theywerenews-hungry.他们迫切地想获得消息。四、副词转换为动词Thatdayhewasupbeforesunrise.那天他在日出以前就起来了。五、动词转译为名词OurageiswitnessingachangeinChina.我们的时代是中国变革的见证。六、形容词转译为名词Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf.他们将为聋人和盲人修建一所学院。七、名词转译形容词WehaveseenthebeautyofMt.Tai.我们看到了美丽的泰山。八、副词转译形容词Thefilmimpressedhimdeeply.这部电影给他留下了深刻的印象。九、形容词转译副词Hehadacarefulstudyofthemapbeforehestartedoff.他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。十、名词转译副词1.Themannoddedwithsatisfaction.那人满意地点了点头。定语从句翻译练习1.将定语从句用“……的”结构译出(1)Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。2.译成“这”字句(2)Helikesplayingtabletennis,whichsurprisesmemost.他喜欢打乒乓球,这使我大为惊讶。3.重复先行词(3)HehaslearnedFrench,whichhethinksisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.他学过法语,他认为法语是世界上最美的语言。4.省略先行词(4)Hiswife,Betty,isShanghai-bornChinesewholeftChinaattheageofeight,andwhosebook“Moon”,tellsofhersister’slifeinChina.他妻子贝蒂是一位出生在上海的华人,八岁离开中国,写过一本名叫《月》的书,记叙了她妹妹在中国的生活。5.用主句的主语作从句主语,译成两个小分句(5)JohnSmith,whoteachesAmericanliteratureinanAmericanuniversity,hasbeeninvitedtobeaprofessorinourcollege.约翰·史密斯在美国一所大学教美国文学,他已被聘为我们学院的教授。(6)AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheAmericanpeopleinoverthrowingtheslavesystem,isconsideredoneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents.亚伯拉罕·林肯领导美国人民推翻了黑奴制度,他被看作是美国最伟大的总统之一。6.翻译为状语从句A.表原因(7)Nooneinthecompanylikestheirboss,whoismeanandbad-tempered.公司里没人喜欢他们的老板,因为他脾气暴躁、人又小气。B.表结果(8)Thetwocountriesestablishedformaldiplomaticrelation,whichpavedthewayforthefurthercommunication.两国正式建立了外交关系,从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。C.表让步(9)Heinsistedonbuyinganothercar,whichheactuallydidn’tneed..他坚持要再买一辆车,尽管他并不需要。A.表目的(10)Thisboy,whowantstogetbestresultintheexamination,istryinghardtoremembernewwords.为了在考试中获得最好的结果,这个男孩正在全力记单词。B.表转折(11)Sheisquiteconsiderateandkind,whichheryoungersisterneveris.她非常善良,体贴,而她妹妹却从不这样。C.表条件或假设(12)Anyonewhoworkshardandnevergivesupwillsucceed.任何人,只要努力工作永不放弃,就能够成功英译汉:状语从句时间状语从句1.译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语(1)Whentheyapproachedthevillage,lightswerestillburninginmanyofthehousesandChristmaspartieswerestillgoingon.当他们逼近村庄时,许多房子里仍然灯火通明,圣诞晚会还未结束。2.译成其他状语从句(2)Onemustsowbeforeonecanreap.(条件)只有播种,才能有收获。(3)Beforemannedspacecraftcouldbesenttospace,theproblemofgettingthespacecraftsafelybacktoearthhad