搜索
Amplification增词法Amplification•1.Definition•2.AmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation•3.AmplificationinChinese-EnglishTranslation•4.Exercises1.Definition•Amplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.•Asamatterofprinciple,atranslatorisnotsupposedtoaddanymeaningtoorsubtractanymeaningfromtheoriginalwork.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatatranslatorshouldrefrainfromsupplyingnecessarywordstomakehisorherversionbothaccurateinmeaningandinkeepingwithidiomaticuseofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.Infactitispreciselyforthepurposeof“faithfulrepresentation”ofthethoughtoftheauthorthatweoftenresortto“amplification”.•ThisisbecauseEnglishandChinesearetwoentirelydifferentlanguagesandeachhasitsownhistoricalandculturalbackground.Therefore,manyideas,idiomaticexpressionsandshortenedwordsetc.thatarewellunderstoodinthecountryoftheirorigincanhardlymakeanysensetopeopleabroad.Inthiscaseitisunimaginableforatranslatortosticktotheoriginalpatternwithoutalternationandconsequentlyamplificationisadoptedindealingwithsuchoccasions.2.AmplificationinEnglish-ChineseTranslation2.1AmplificationfortheSakeofGrammar(为了语法上的需要）•1)AmplificationbySupplyingNecessaryMeasureWords•（增添量词）•Forexample:•ahorse一匹马•acar一辆小轿车•aplane一架飞机•Totheeastandsouthafaintpinkisspreading.•东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远方扩展。•Itwasalsoalimitedengagement.•这也是一桩有时间限制的婚约。•Itwasanova!•这是一颗新星！•2)Amplificationbysupplyingwordstoconveytheconceptofplurality,tenseandvoice（增加表示复数概念及时体语气的词）•Forexample:•Britain’srailwaysystemisbeingimproved.•英国的铁路系统正日益完善。•Englishproseiselaborateratherthansimple.Itwasnotalwaysso.•现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非如此。•Thelionisthekingofanimals.•狮子是百兽之王。•Isawbubblesrisingfromunderthewater.•我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。•Fogshidethemountainpeaks.•云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦。•Reportsofnewsuccesskeeppouringin.•捷报频传。3)AmplificationbySupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginal(增添原文所省略的词语）----Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。----Thebestconductorhastheleastresistanceandthepoorestthegreatest.最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。2.2AmplificationfortheClarityofMeaning(为了意义上的需要）1)FortheSakeofCollocation(搭配的需要）•Forexample:•MarcoquicklylearnedthatlanguageandcustomoftheChinese.•马可很快学会了中国人的语言，适应了中国人的风俗习惯。•Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.•他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束。•Afterthebasketballmatch,hestillhasanimportantconference.•看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。•Whataleaderhewas!•他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊！•Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.•晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。2）FortheSakeofLogicorCoherence（逻辑连贯的需要）•----Amplificationbysupplyingconnectivewords.•Forexample:•Pastretirementage,Dr.Masefieldisasvigorousasever.•虽然已过了退休的年龄，可梅斯菲尔德博士仍和以前一样精力充沛。•Heated,waterwillchangeintovapor.•水如受热，就会汽化。•Theoryissomething,butpracticeiseverything.•理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。•Formistakeshavebeenmade,badones.因为已经犯下了许多错误，而且还是很糟的错误。•----Amplificationbysupplyingnecessaryverbs,adjectives,adverbsorevennounstomakethemeaningclearer.•Forexample:•WhenIcametoIwasinthewater,swimmingautomatically,thoughIwasabouttwothirdsdrowned.•当我清醒过来时，发觉自己在水里，虽然浸的半死，却本能地浮着。•Hedoubtlesslyexpectedhugs,tablefulsoffood,tears,laughter,andconversationfollowedbymoreconversation,thenhugsandmorehugsalloveragain,withoutend.•毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。•Atthemeetinghemadeaspeech–eloquentandenergetic.•他在会上发表了讲话–很动听，很有力。•Tessisqueer.•苔丝的脾气可古怪呢。•Sheisnotbornforwifingandmothering.•她这个人不是做贤妻良母的料子。----AmplificationbySupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear(把抽象的概念表达清楚）Someabstractnounsarederivedfromverbsoradjectives,sointranslationwemayamplifypropernounstomakethemeaningclearer.Forexample:Darkness漆黑一团Backwardness落后状态；落后面貌•----Weshouldbynomeansneglecttheevaporationofwater.•我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。•Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthenecessityoflearningcomputer.•越来越多的人认识到学习计算机的必要性。•----Therehadbeensomuchviolenceinthatregion.•那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。----AmplificationbySupplyingWordsofGeneralization(概括性增词）•TheAmericansandJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessage.•美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。•Thethesissummedupthenewachievementsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.•论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。2.3AmplificationfortheSakeofRhetoric(为了修辞上的需要）1）AmplificationbyRepetition（重复性增词）•----Avoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dust,orhumidity.•不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大的情况下使用电脑。•----Ignoranceisthemotheroffearsaswellasofadmiration.•无知是恐惧的根源，也是崇拜的根源。•Allisnotgoldthatglitters.•闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。•Peopleusenaturalsciencetounderstandandchangenature.•人们利用自然科学去了解自然，改造自然。•Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.•我曾碰到过，不是氧气出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。•Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.•他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。•Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.•我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。•Whoeverviolatesthedisciplineshouldbecriticized.•谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。•Hewantedtosendthemmoreaid,moreweaponsandafewmoremen.•他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。2）AmplificationbySupplyingSomeDescriptivewords.•Andherthoughtfulness!Ifthenightwasanywaycoldorwetorwindytherewassuretobeacupofhotteareadyforhim.•她多体贴啊！要是哪天夜里较阴冷、潮湿、或是刮风，她必定要泡好一杯热茶等他。•Withwha