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商务谈判中的委婉语及其表达方式摘要:委婉语的使用在商务英语中是一种普遍现象。它不仅是一种社会语言现象,更是一种文化现象。文中分析了委婉语与礼貌原则在商务谈判和商务函电中的委婉表达方式，从虚拟语气法、被动语态法、时态倒退法、否定法四个方面归纳分析了商务英语中的委婉表达法，从而使商务工作者“深人字里行间”以求最充分理解和欣赏商务英语的委婉表达方式，从而在商界竞争获取成功。关键词：委婉语，礼貌原则，商务谈判，委婉表达方式.Abstract:Euphemismexpressionarecommonlyusedinbusinesscorrespondencesandbusinessnegotiation.whichisnotonlyasociallanguagephenomenon,butitisalsoaculturalphenomenon.Bymakingananalysisofeuphemisticexpressionsandcourtesyprincipleusedinbusinesscorrespondencesandbusinessnegotiations,thispapermainlydiscussesthefulfillmentofeuphemisticexpressionsinbusinessEnglishthroughthefollowingfourways:thesubjunctivemood,passivevoice,tensebackward,negative.Sothebusinesspersonnelcanfuulyundeerstandandappreciatetheephemisticexpressionandachieveasuccessinthecompetieions.Keywords：euphemisticexpression;courtesyprinciple;businessnegotiation;前言：英语中的委婉语((Euphemism)一词来自希腊语的前缀eu=well和词根pheme=speaking，意思是说好听的话。根据英语委婉语详解词典的定义，委婉语是一种用无害的或悦耳的词语替代那些较直接的、唐突的言词，用善意的话语把事实掩盖起来的修饰手段。委婉语存在于各种语言中，是语言的一种普遍现象，很早就引起人们的注意和研究。人们对委婉语的研究主要集中在词汇层次，如用passway来代替die。事实上，通过语法和语用手段也可以表达委婉的意思，而且这种手段在商务英语信函中应用极为广泛。人们常常借用委婉语，礼貌、委婉地陈述自己的观点和愿望，提出请求或建议，以利于创造良好的商务环境，达到双方各自预期的目的。Preface:InEnglishEuphemism((Euphemism)ThewordcomesfromtheGreekprefixeu=well,androotpheme=speaking,meansthatsoundedgood.UndertheeuphemismofEnglishdictionarydefinitionisaeuphemismusedharmlessorsweet-soundingwordstoreplacethosemoredirect,bluntwords,withgoodwordstocoverupthefactthatthemodificationofthemeans.Euphemismexistinavarietyoflanguages,isthelanguageofauniversalphenomenon,ithaslongbeenacauseforattentionandstudy.Euphemismofpeoplefocusedonvocabularylevel,suchaswiththepasswaytoreplacethedie.Infact,throughthemeansofgrammarandpragmaticscanexpressthemeaningofeuphemism,andthismeanstheapplicationofBusinessLettersbeveryextensive.peopleoftenborrowaeuphemism,politeness,euphemisticallytostatetheirviewsandwishes,requestsorsuggestionsinordertofacilitatethecreationofagood商务谈判是指谈判双方为了促成买卖成交，或为了解决买卖争议或争端并取得各自的经济利益的一种方法或手段。它既是商务活动的重要内容，又是商务活动的必要手段。随着经济的发展，尤其在加人世贸组织(WTO)后，我国对外商务活动日益频繁，对外商务谈判也迅速增多。英语作为国际语言，是涉外商务谈判的重要工具。即使是两个非英语国家进行商务谈判，为了避免使用各自的语言而引起误会或理解错误，双方也是使用英语作为谈判的载体和裁决的标准。所以要在激烈的谈判中胜出或达到一种“双赢”的结果，除了谈判内容、谈判者的能力等因素外，我们还必须注意谈判英语的表达方式和技巧。其中，委婉表达是谈判中常用的一种语言技巧。Businessenvironment,eachofthepartiestoachievetheintendedpurpose.BusinessNegotiationreferstothenegotiatingpartiesinordertofacilitatethesaleofthetransaction,ortoresolvetradedisputesordisputesandachievetheirowneconomicinterestsofamethodormeans.Itisbothanimportantbusinessactivities,butalsothenecessarymeansbusiness.Witheconomicdevelopment,especiallyinthejointheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),China'sexternalbusinessactivitieshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequent,rapidincreaseinforeignbusinessnegotiations.Englishasaninternationallanguage,isanimportanttoolforforeignbusinessnegotiation.Eventhetwonon-Englishspeakingcountriesforbusinessnegotiations,inordertoavoidtheuseofthelanguageoftheirownmisunderstandingormistaken,thetwosidesarenegotiatingtheuseofEnglishasacarrierandadjudicationstandards.Therefore,intheintensenegotiationstowinorachieveawin-winresult,inadditiontothenegotiations,thenegotiator'sabilityandotherfactors,wealsomustpayattentiontothenegotiationofEnglishexpressionandskill.Amongthem,tactfulexpressioniscommonlyusedinthenegotiationofalanguageskills.1.委婉语与礼貌原则：1.1委婉语英国作家GeorgeBlunt在十六世纪八十年代给委婉语下的定义是：“Euphemismisagoodorfavorableinterpretationofabadword”.斯托克和哈特曼编著的《语言与语言学词典》给委婉语下的定义是:“Euphemism:用一种不能明说的，能够使人感到愉快的或含糊的说法，代替具有令人不悦的含义或不够尊重的表达方法。”EuphemismandPolitenessPrinciple:1.1EuphemismsBritishwriterGeorgeBluntinthesixteenthcenturytotheeightiesEuphemismisdefinedas:Euphemismisagoodorfavorableinterpretationofabadword.StokesandHartmancompiledtheLanguageandLinguisticsDictionarytotheEuphemismisdefinedas:Euphemism:withanot-ming,andbeabletomakepeoplehappy,orambiguousstatement,insteadofwiththeunpleasantmeaningorlackofrespectforthewayofexpression.Euphemism一词源于希腊语的前缀eu(=good,soundingwell)和词根pheme(=speechorsaying,)。Euphemism字面上的意思就是“useofpleasant,mildorindirectwordsorphrasesinplaceofmoreaccurateordirectones.”EuphemismThetermcomesfromtheGreekprefixeu(=good,soundingwell),androotpheme(=speechorsaying,).Euphemismliterallymeansuseofpleasant,mildorindirectwordsorphrasesinplaceofmoreaccurateordirectones.TheRandomHouseCollegeDictionary(1979)把euphemism定义为:thesubstitutionofamild,indirect,orvagueexpressionforonethoughttobeoffensive,harshorblunt,美国学者HughRawson曾说：委婉语如此深深潜入我们语言，以至我们中间没有谁——即使那些自诩为直截了当的人——能够在不使用委婉语的情况下过完一天.TheRandomHouseCollegeDictionary(1979)theeuphemismisdefinedas:thesubstitutionofamild,indirect,orvagueexpressionforonethoughttobeoffensive,harshorblunt,AmericanscholarHughRawsonsaid:Euphemismsodeeplyinfiltratedourlanguage,aswellasnooneamongus-eventhoseself-proclaimedstraightpeople-cannotuseeuphemismsthecasehadfinishedaday.委婉语是人类使用语言过程中的一种普遍现象，它不仅是一种社会语言现象，更是一种文化现象。不管是在日常生活还是在涉外交际中，我们都要进行语言交流。由于某些生活习惯或习俗差异，以及不同文化背景的社会具有不同的忌讳，我们必须学会使用委婉语以避免尴尬或不愉快。所以只有了解委婉语在不同背景、不同环境下的使用方式，才能达到成功的交际目的。委婉语可以反映出各种各样的社会心理，从而也体现出了委婉语的各种社会交际功能。委婉语在各个领域都有广泛的应用，它对于我们学好英语，进行有效的跨文化交际有很大的帮助。Euphemismistheuseo