Lecture-7-sentence-writing-句子写法

SentenceWriting11.EnglishSentenceWriting1.1TypesofSentences1.2BasicSentencePatterns1.3ExpandingBasicSentencePatterns1.4SentenceStructureProblems1.5Subject-VerbAgreement《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》21.1TypesofEnglishSentences＊SimpleSentence＊CompoundSentence＊ComplexSentence＊Compound-complexsentence＊DeclarativeSentence＊InterrogativeSentence＊ImperativeSentence＊ExclamatorySentence3简单句：只包含一个主谓结构且各个成分均由词组构成的句子。e.g.Heknowseverythingaboutit.复杂句：带有其他主谓结构作为句子成分的句子。e.g.Hecomplainedthatwhatyousaidwasnottrue.并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来便构成并列句。e.g.Mostofuswereinthehall,thedoorshadbeenclosed,andthelatecomershadtowaitoutside.并列复杂句：包含一个或一个以上的复杂句作为并列成分的句子。e.g.Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselvesinmensely,butwecouldn'tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.4Doyouknow?ThestudentsIteachhavemadebettergradesinthepastfewweeks.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.(Simplesentence)(Complexsentence)5Doyouknow?•Therearen'tasmanytreeshereasthereusedtobe.•Didyouhearaboutthenewproject?•Pleasesendmykindregardstoyourparents.•Howitthunders!雷打得真响啊!(Declarativesentence)(Imperativesentence)(Interrogativesentence)(Exclamatorysentence)61.2BasicSentencePatternsSV(subject+intransitiveverb)主-动SVC(subject+linkingverb+subjectcomplement)主-动-补SVO(subject+transitiveverb+directobject)主-动-宾SVOiOd(subject+transitiveverb+indirectobject+directobject)主-动-宾-宾SVOC(subject+transitiveverb+object+objectcomplement)主-动-宾-补7SV①Theguestshavearrived.②Thingschange.③Thereexistavarietyofdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.P.S.There+be是倒装结构,谓语还可以是appear,come,enter,exist,happen,lie,live,occur,remain,rise,seem,stand等。《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》8SVC①Hardworkandhonestyarethekeystosuccess.②Withoutsuitablepreservation,foodgoesbadeasily.P.S.系动词还有appear,become,grow,prove,run,seem,feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。《新世纪实用英语写作》9SVO①Studentsoftenreciteusefulphrasestobeusedintheircompositions.②Doyoumindfillingoutthisapplicationform?P.S.以动名词作宾语的动词包括avoid,admit,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,postpone,recommend,prefer,require,resume,risk,quit,practice等。《新世纪实用英语写作》10SVOiOd(SVoO)一位朋友给我带来一本内科学的教科书。①Afriendofminebroughtmeatextbookoflexicology.OR:②Afriendofminebroughtatextbookoflexicologytome.P.S.此句型的动词有bring,buy,fetch,get,give,lend,offer,save,sell,send,show,take,wish等。《新世纪实用英语写作》11SVOC在SVOC结构中，及物动词之后跟宾语和宾语补语。①Today,wecallEinsteinagenius.②Theybelieveitimportanttomakeanearlydiagnosisofcancer.P.S.主谓宾补结构的常见动词有believe,call,consider,cut,elect,find,have,keep,leave,let,like,make,name,polish,think,want,wish等。12OnAuguest6,1945,anAmericanaircraftdroppedabombontheJapanesetownofHiroshima.//Thebombexploded1,000ft.abovetheground.//Withinthefractionofasecond,thebombchangedfromametalcylinderintoanimmensemassofexpandinggas,millionsofdegreeshot.//Theairitselfaroundthepointofexplosionbegantoburn.//Ashowerofpenetratinginvisibleraysattackedeverylivingordeadthinginthetown.//Thenfollowedashock-wave(冲击波)whichshatteredthebuildingsandatremendousblastofhotairwhirledthedebrisofstone,concrete,metalandwoodovertheground.//Theexplosionkilledatleast140,000peopleandlefttensofthousandsofothersdisfiguredforlife.13Comparethefollowingsentences：•HongKongisaverylargecity.•HongKongisanovercrowdedandcommercializedcity.•HongKongisanovercrowdedandcommercializedcitywithapopulationofoversevenmillion.1.3ExpandingSentences14Howtoexpandsentences?(1)Addition增添法(2)Coordination并列法(3)Subordination从属法15（1）AdditionExpandingwithModifierWords(修饰词)ExpandingwithModifierPhrases(修饰短语)a.用介词短语扩展b.用不定式短语扩展c.用动名词短语扩展d.用分词短语扩展16Putmulti-modifiersinorder：→限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等）→数词→一般描绘性形容词（短词语在前，长词语在后）→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示形状的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、类别的形容词。17简化版：限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新老颜色国籍出材料作用类别往后靠18教室里有一张新的日本制造圆形红色木质大课桌。Examplesofmodifierphrases•Withgreatfeeling,MartinLutherKing,Jr.expressedhisdreamoffreedom.介词短语•It'sdifficulttomakeadecisionwithoutknowingallthefacts.不定式短语•Theganitorstaggereddownthestairway,gaspingforair.动名词短语•Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsthisyearasawholeincreasedby30%inthisarea.分词短语19（2）CoordinationExpandingwithCompoundSentences(并列句)a.使用并列连词and,or,but,notonly...butalso,so,either...or,yet...b.使用连接副词however,moreover,otherwise,therefore,besides...c.使用分号连接ExpandingwithParallelism（平行结构）20ExpandingwithParallelism•Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind.青春不是年华，而是心境；•Itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，•Itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,vigoroftheemotions…而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情…21（3）SubordinationExpandingwithNounClause名词从句•主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，宾语从句ExpandingwithAdjectiveClause形容词从句•定语从句/关系从句ExpandingwithAdverbialClause副词从句•状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等22•Whenwewillgotoschoolisstillaquestion.主语从句•Ihaveafriendwhosecousinisatennisplayer.定语从句•Thedoctoraskedthepatientwhathehadhadforlunch.宾语从句•Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamemadeushappy.同位语从句•IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.状语从句23Combineeachgroupofsentencesintoasinglesentence,usingcoordination,subordinationorboth:1.Thisisagoodspotforapicnic.Ariverflowsononeside.Alargetreeprovides