写作补充ppt(1)

PartOneManuscriptForm(文稿格式）WritingtitleLeavingmarginsIndentingCapitalizingDividingwordsI.Margin:leavingamarginoneachsideofthepaper-----abouttwocentimetersatthetopandacentimeterandahalfattheleft,therightandthebottom,Title:Capitalizethefirstandlastwordsofthetitleandallotherwords(includingwordsfollowinghyphensincompoundwords)exceptarticles,coordinatingconjunctions(and,or,but,nor,for),prepositions,andthetoininfinitives:MyFirstVisittothePalaceMuseumThePeoplewithoutaCountryWhatCantheArtistDointheWorldofToday?TheEnglish-SpeakingPeopleinQuebecNoperiodisusedattheendofatitle.Useaquestionmarkifthetitleisadirectquestion,butdonotuseoneifitisanindirectquestion.Usequotationmarkswithquotesortitlesofarticles;andunderline(oritalicizeifyouuseacomputer)namesofbooks.TaskICapitalizethefollowingtitles:1.aretransgeniccropssafe2.well-knowndramatistsofthemingdynasty3.adaytoremember4.criticismsontheendingofmarktwain’sadventuresofhuckleberryfinnII.CapitalizationCapitalsareusedmainlyatthreeplaces:thefirstwordsofsentences,keywordsintitles,andpropernames.Thefirstwordofquotedspeechiscapitalized.Ifaquotedsentenceisbrokenintotwopartsandputintwopairsofquotationmarks,thesecondpartdoesnotbeginwithacapitalletterunlessthefirstwordisapropernounoranadjectivederivedfromapropernoun:Hesaid,“MytriptoMountTaiwasinterestingbuttiring.”“MytriptoMountTai,”hesaid,“wasinterestingbuttiring.”Iasked,“Whendoyouusuallygohome?”Sheanswered,“Atweekends.”Indentthefirstlineofaparagraph,leavingaspaceofaboutfourorfiveletters.Commonnounsthatarepartsofpropernamesarecapitalized:CommonnounsPropernounsafamousuniversityPekingUniversityabroadstreetChang’anStreetAlargelakeLakeEriethepresidentoftheuniversityPresidentBrownlabor,dayLaborDayWordsderivedfrompropernamesareusuallycapitalized:MarxistDarwinismConfucianLatinizeVietnamizeIII.WordDivisionPayattentiontothefollowing:One-syllablewordslikethrough,march,brainandpushedcannotbedivided.Donotwriteoneletterofawordattheendoratthebeginningofaline,evenifthatonelettermakesupasyllable,suchasa·lone,trick·y.Donotputatwo-lettersyllableatthebeginningofaline,likehat·ed,cab·in.Avoidseparatingpropernamesofpeopleorplaces,likeChi·na,Aus·ten.Dividehyphenatedwordsonlythehyphen:father-in-law,empty-handed.Donotdividewordsinawaythatmaymisleadthereader:pea·cock,re·ally.Donotdividedthelastwordonapage.Instead,writethewholewordonthenextpage.Dividewordswithprefixesorsuffixesbetweentheprefixorsuffixandthebasepartoftheword:re·state·ment,un·relent·ing.Dividetwo-syllablewordswithdoubleconsonantsbetweenthetwoconsonants:strug·gle,shat·ter.Task2Dividethefollowingwordsaccordingtogeneralrules:settingsister-in-lawhandycorrectnessgratitudebonuspermissionsociablethoughtdictatorshipfar-reaching句号(.)问号(?)叹号（!）冒号（：）引号(‘’“”)逗号（,)分号(;)连接号（-）破折号(---)斜线号(/)括号()方括号[]英式省略号(…)撇号，名词所有格符号（’）FullStop(Am.period)QuestionMarkExclamationMarkColonQuotationMarksCommaSemicolonHyphenDashSlashParenthesesSquareBrackets(Am.Brackets)DotsApostropheIV.PunctuationDonotuseacommatojointwocoordinateclauses;useacommaandaconjunction,orasemicolon.Aperiodisadot(.),notatinycircle(。),whichisusedinwrittenChinese.Payattentiontothewaythethreesentencesarepunctuated.Shesaid,“Wehavedecidedtotaketheexamination.”“Wehavedecidedtotaketheexamination,”shesaid.“Wehavedecide,”shesaid,“totaketheexamination.”Thequotationand“shesaid”aretreatedasonesentence;onlythefirstwordofthequestionhastobecapitalized.Task3Punctuatethefollowingpassageandusecapitalswherenecessary:weenteredtheroomjanelookedaroundandaskedwhereisthecatshemusthaverunawayIansweredshedoesn’tliketostayathomewemustgoandfindherjanesaidlet’sgoatthismomentthecatwalkedoutfromunderthechairV.HandwritingWritecarefullysothatyourhandwritingcanbereadeasily.Whenyouwanttocrossoutaword,sonotusebracketstoencloseit,butdrawathicklineacrossit.Whenyouwanttoaddaword,writeitabove,notbelow,thelineofwordsyouhavewrittenwithaclearsignshowingwhereitisinserted.PartTwoDiction:usingproperwordsI.Levelofwords:fromastylisticpointforview,threetypes:formal,commonandinformal.formalwords:appearinformalwriting(scholarlyortheoreticalworks,politicalandlegaldocument,etc);mostcontainthreeormorethanthreesyllables;mostareofGreekorLatin.Thereisnothingnewintherecognition,withinagivenlanguage,ofadistinctionbetweencommonusuageandusesofthelanguageformorerestrictedpurposeandoftenenough,perhapscharacteristically,moreelevatedpurpose.ThemonolithicnatureofEnglishisnotquestionedwhenliteraryessayistslikeEmersoncontrastpoetryandcommonspeech.ThelatterisrecognizedinAmericatothepropersubjectfortheinvestigationoflinguistswho,however,nowshowsomeincipientinclinationtoinvestigatepoetry,too,andothernocasualutterancesinagivenlanguage----------C.F.Voegelin(Trytofindsomeformalwords?)WhenIwasakid,andreadingeverysciencefictionbookinthelocallibrary,Iusedtowonderexactlyhowthefuturewouldhappen.Bythatdon’tmeanwhatthefuturewouldbelike-sciencefictionalreadytoldmethat–butratherhowwe’dactuallygetthere.Sciencefictionbooksseemedtoagree,forexample,thatinthefuturetherewouldbenomoney---alltransactionswouldbemadeviaidentitycardsand