【语法强攻 教师整理】2016届高考英语总复习专题课件:名词性从句(共74张PPT)

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(一)名词性从句的结构和功能名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构:以that引导的从句;以whether/if引导的从句,以特殊疑问词引导的从句;以what或wh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。此外,asif/asthough也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表:(二)名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。1.从属连词:that(本身无意义),whether(是否),if(是否)。只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever等。它们除起连接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3.连接副词:when(=thetimewhen什么时候,何时),where(=theplacewhere什么地方,何地),how(=thewaythat/inwhich怎样,以……方式,如何),why=thereasonwhy为什么)。它们除起连接作用,还在从句中作状语。温馨提示what与that引导名词性从句的区别:1.what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语,意义上相当于thething(s)that,引导主语从句时,其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定。e.g.Whatthelecturersaidisveryvaluable.Wewonderwhathewilldonext.2.that引导名词性从句不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,无任何意义。引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,谓语动词用单数,引导宾语从句时,常被省略。e.g.Thatshewillrefusetheofferseemsunlikely.Ihavefound(that)alltheticketshavebeensoldout.Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.(三)主语从句1.主语从句的基本用法1)that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,that起连接作用,无词义,在从句中不作成分,一般不能省略。e.g.Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.=Itisgoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.2)whether引导的主语从句可放在句首,也可放在句尾;if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需要it作形式主语。whether/if起连接作用,“是否”,在从句中不作成分。e.g.Whetherhewillgothereornotisnotclear.Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompleted.3)wh类连接词引导的主语从句:wh类连接词包括wh类的连接代词(who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等)和连接副词(when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等)。what,when和wh-ever类的词有时可不表疑问。wh类连接代词在句中既起连接作用,又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。wh类连接副词在句中起连接作用,在从句中可充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。2.主语从句的单复数问题1)从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.2)what引导的从句作主语,表示单数概念,谓语动词一般用单数形式;表示复数概念,则谓语动词常用复数。e.g.Whathesaidistrue.Whatheneedsarebooks.(四)宾语从句1.宾语从句的基本用法:1)动词后接宾语从句的用法:e.g.Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.温馨提示doubt,doubtful与sure后名词性从句连接词that,whether,if的选择。①当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时,后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if;当doubt,doubtful用于否定句或疑问句时,后面名词性从句的连接词用that。e.g.Idoubtwhether/ifheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.Itisdoubtfulwhetheritistrueornot.②当besure用于肯定句时,后面的宾语从句的连接词常用that;当besure用于否定句时,后面的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。e.g.Wearesurethatheisinnocent.Theoldmandidn’tseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.2)介词及形容词后接宾语从句的用法:e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.Hewasinterestedinwhateverhesawthere.Heispleasedthathehaspassedatoughtest.温馨提示①一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。e.g.Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.②介词后如果接that从句,要先加上it,再加that从句,即“介词+it+that...”结构。e.g.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.③介词except,but,besides及in后可接that从句。e.g.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.④常接宾语从句的形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。e.g.I’mafraidhewon’tattendourwedding.3)that引导的宾语从句:e.g.Wearegladthatsomanyoldfriendswillattendourteaparty.Theheadmastersaidthattheschoolreportshadbeensentoff.温馨提示在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气,“(should+)动词原形”。e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.4)whether/if引导的宾语从句:e.g.I’lltrytofindoutwhether/ifthemachineisingoodcondition.温馨提示①whether/if引导宾语从句表示“是否”的意思时,一般情况下可互换。②if引导宾语从句时可以有否定式,而whether从句则没有。e.g.Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.5)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句:由who,what,how,which,whose,where,why等词引导的宾语从句,可作动词、介词及形容词的宾语。e.g.Ican’timaginehowhedidit.Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.Iwasn’tcertainwhosehouseIwasin.温馨提示如果疑问词是介词的宾语,介词可位于从句句首或句末。e.g.Ididn’tknowinwhichbuildingtheylived.=Ididn’tknowwhichbuildingtheylivedin.2.宾语从句的时态1)主句为现在或将来时态主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。e.g.ShesaysthatsheworksfromMondaytoFriday.Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcomethen.Hewilltellmewhathappenedtohimduringmyabsence.2)主句为过去时态主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。e.g.Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthebookRedandBlackwhenhecamein.3)表示客观事实或真理如果从句表示客观事实或真理,不管主句的谓语动词是何时态,从句都要用现在时态。e.g.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.(五)表语从句1.表语从句的基本用法1)基本结构:主语+系动词+表语从句,常用的系动词有be,seem,remain,look等。e.g.Myideaisthatyoushouldmakegooduseofyourtime.ItseemsthathehasbeentoAmerica.2)asif/asthough引导的表语从句,系动词通常为look,seem,sound等,从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。e.g.Itlooksasifitis/weregoingtosnow.3)that和what引导的表语从句的区别:that引导表语从句时,起连接作用,没有实际意义,不作句子成分;what引导表语从句时,既充当连接代词,又作句子成分。e.g.Ourplanisthatwe’llgothereonceaweek.That’swhathesaid.4)由连接副词引导的表语从句:连接副词where,why,when等引导表语从句,分别在从句中作地点、原因、时间状语。e.g.Thatiswherethegreatwriterusedtolive.Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.ThatwaswhenIwasthirty.2.表语从句需要注意的问题1)主语为名词reason,表语从句用that而不用why引导。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthathefellillsuddenly.Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddrunk.2)引导表语从句时,用whether,不能用if。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherhehassignedthecontract.(不能用if)3)表语从句中的虚拟语气:如果主句的主语是名词idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等时,则表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,“(should+)动词原形”。e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoutatonce.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyou(should)restmoreanddrinkmore.4)使用连接词时的注意事项:连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问,但what,when和where等连接词有两种含义,一种表示疑问,一种表示陈述。表陈述时,相当于thethingthat,thetimewhen,theplacewhere,常意为“……的人/事”、“……的时间”、“……的地点”等。e.g.Thisiswhereheoncelived.ThisiswhatIwanttoknow.Thatwaswhenhedidtheexperiment.句式意义例句Tha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